NIO编程

1.NIO弥补了原来同步阻塞I/O的不足，它在标准java代码中提供了高速的，面向块的I/O
2.NIO的几个特性
缓冲区（buffer）,通道（channel）；多路复用器（selector）
3.一个多路复用器selector可以同时轮循多个Channel，JDK使用epoll()代替传统的select实现，因此它并没有最大连接句柄1024的限制，这个意味着只需要一个线程负责selector的轮询。就可以接入成千上完的客户端
以下是个netty权威指南中NIO实现通信的一个例子
1.服务端的serverTime

package com.afan.nio;

public class TimeServer {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        int port = 8080;
        if(args != null && args.length > 0){
            try {
                port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO: handle exception
            }
        }
        MultiplexerTimeServer timeServer = new MultiplexerTimeServer(port);

        new Thread(timeServer,"NIO-MultiplexTimeServer-001").start();

    }

}

2.服务端处理类

package com.afan.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class MultiplexerTimeServer implements Runnable{

    private Selector selector;

    private ServerSocketChannel servChannel;

    private volatile boolean stop;

    /**
     * 初始化多路复用器，绑定监听端口
     */
    public MultiplexerTimeServer(int port) {
        try {
            selector = Selector.open();

            servChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            servChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            servChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
            servChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

            System.out.println("the time server is start in port : "+ port);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }

    }

    public void stop(){
        this.stop = true;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(!stop){
            try {
                selector.select(1000);
                Set<SelectionKey> selectkeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectkeys.iterator();
                SelectionKey key = null;
                while(it.hasNext()){
                    key = it.next();
                    it.remove();
                    try {
                        handleInput(key);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        if(key != null){
                            key.cancel();
                            if(key.channel() != null){
                                key.channel().close();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //多路复用器关闭后，所有注册在上面的channel和pipe等资源都会被自动
        //去注册，所有不需要重复释放资源
        if(selector != null){
            try {
                selector.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException{
        if(key.isValid()){
            //处理新接入的请求消息
            if(key.isAcceptable()){
                //accept the new connection
                ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel)key.channel();
                SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
                sc.configureBlocking(false);
                //add the new connection to the selector
                sc.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            }
            if(key.isReadable()){
                //read the data
                SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)key.channel();
                ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
                if(readBytes > 0){
                    readBuffer.flip();
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
                    readBuffer.get(bytes);
                    String body = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("the time server receive order :" + body);
                    String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body)
                            ?new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString():"BAD ORDER";
                    doWrite(sc,currentTime);
                }else if(readBytes < 0){
                    //对端链路关闭
                    key.cancel();
                    sc.close();
                }
            }

        }
    }

    private void doWrite(SocketChannel channel,String response) throws IOException{
        if(response != null && response.trim().length() > 0){
            byte[] bytes = response.getBytes();

            ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
            writeBuffer.put(bytes);
            writeBuffer.flip();
            channel.write(writeBuffer);
        }
    }

}

3.客户端接入的clientITme

package com.afan.nio;

public class TimeClient {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        int port = 8080;
        if(args != null && args.length > 0){
            try{
                port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
            }catch(Exception e){

            }
        }

        new Thread(new TimeClientHandle("127.0.0.1",port),"TimeClient-001").start();
    }

}

4.客户端处理类handle

package com.afan.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class TimeClientHandle implements Runnable{

    private String host;
    private int port;
    private Selector selector;
    private SocketChannel socketChannel;
    private volatile boolean stop;

    public TimeClientHandle(String host,int port) {
        this.host = host == null ? "127.0.0.1" : host;
        this.port = port;
        try {
            selector = Selector.open();
            socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            doConnect();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
        while(!stop){
            try {
                selector.select(1000);
                Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectedKeys.iterator();
                SelectionKey key = null;
                while(it.hasNext()){
                    key = it.next();
                    it.remove();
                    try {
                        handleInput(key);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        if(key != null){
                            key.cancel();
                            if(key.channel() != null){
                                key.channel().close();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
        //多路复用器关闭后，所有注册在上面的channel和pipe等资源
        //都会被自动去注册并关闭，所不需要重复释放资源
        if(selector != null){
            try {
                selector.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException{
        if(key.isValid()){
            //判断是否连接成功
            SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)key.channel();
            if(key.isConnectable()){
                if(sc.finishConnect()){
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    doWrite(sc);
                }else{
                    System.exit(1);
                }
            }
            if(key.isReadable()){
                ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
                if(readBytes > 0){
                    readBuffer.flip();
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
                    readBuffer.get(bytes);
                    String body = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("NOW IS" + body);
                    this.stop = true;
                }else if(readBytes < 0){
                    //对端链路关闭
                    key.cancel();
                    sc.close();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void doConnect() throws IOException{
        //如果直接连接成功，则注册到多路复用器上，发送请求消息，读应答
        if(socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(port))){
            socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            doWrite(socketChannel);
        }else{
            socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
        }
    }

    private void doWrite(SocketChannel sc) throws IOException{
        byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();
        ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(req.length);
        writeBuffer.put(req);
        writeBuffer.flip();
        sc.write(writeBuffer);
        if(!writeBuffer.hasRemaining()){
            System.out.println("Send order 2 server succeed.");
        }
    }

}

总结:

NIO编程的优点:
  1.客户端发起的连接操作时异步的，可以通过在多路复用器注册OP_CONNECT等待后续结果，不需要像以前的客户端那样被同步阻塞
  2.SocketChannel的读写操作都是异步的，如果没有可读写的数据它不会同步等待，直接返回，这样I/O通信线程就可以处理其他的链路，不需要同步等待这个链路可用
  3.线程模型的优化（也就是使用了epoll）