1.NIO弥补了原来同步阻塞I/O的不足,它在标准java代码中提供了高速的,面向块的I/O
2.NIO的几个特性
缓冲区(buffer),通道(channel);多路复用器(selector)
3.一个多路复用器selector可以同时轮循多个Channel,JDK使用epoll()代替传统的select实现,因此它并没有最大连接句柄1024的限制,这个意味着只需要一个线程负责selector的轮询。就可以接入成千上完的客户端
以下是个netty权威指南中NIO实现通信的一个例子
1.服务端的serverTime
package com.afan.nio;
public class TimeServer {
public static void main(String[] args){
int port = 8080;
if(args != null && args.length > 0){
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
MultiplexerTimeServer timeServer = new MultiplexerTimeServer(port);
new Thread(timeServer,"NIO-MultiplexTimeServer-001").start();
}
}
2.服务端处理类
package com.afan.nio;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
public class MultiplexerTimeServer implements Runnable{
private Selector selector;
private ServerSocketChannel servChannel;
private volatile boolean stop;
/**
* 初始化多路复用器,绑定监听端口
*/
public MultiplexerTimeServer(int port) {
try {
selector = Selector.open();
servChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
servChannel.configureBlocking(false);
servChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
servChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
System.out.println("the time server is start in port : "+ port);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
public void stop(){
this.stop = true;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(!stop){
try {
selector.select(1000);
Set<SelectionKey> selectkeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectkeys.iterator();
SelectionKey key = null;
while(it.hasNext()){
key = it.next();
it.remove();
try {
handleInput(key);
} catch (Exception e) {
if(key != null){
key.cancel();
if(key.channel() != null){
key.channel().close();
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//多路复用器关闭后,所有注册在上面的channel和pipe等资源都会被自动
//去注册,所有不需要重复释放资源
if(selector != null){
try {
selector.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException{
if(key.isValid()){
//处理新接入的请求消息
if(key.isAcceptable()){
//accept the new connection
ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel)key.channel();
SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
sc.configureBlocking(false);
//add the new connection to the selector
sc.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
if(key.isReadable()){
//read the data
SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)key.channel();
ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
if(readBytes > 0){
readBuffer.flip();
byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
readBuffer.get(bytes);
String body = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
System.out.println("the time server receive order :" + body);
String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body)
?new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString():"BAD ORDER";
doWrite(sc,currentTime);
}else if(readBytes < 0){
//对端链路关闭
key.cancel();
sc.close();
}
}
}
}
private void doWrite(SocketChannel channel,String response) throws IOException{
if(response != null && response.trim().length() > 0){
byte[] bytes = response.getBytes();
ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
writeBuffer.put(bytes);
writeBuffer.flip();
channel.write(writeBuffer);
}
}
}
3.客户端接入的clientITme
package com.afan.nio;
public class TimeClient {
public static void main(String[] args){
int port = 8080;
if(args != null && args.length > 0){
try{
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
}catch(Exception e){
}
}
new Thread(new TimeClientHandle("127.0.0.1",port),"TimeClient-001").start();
}
}
4.客户端处理类handle
package com.afan.nio;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
public class TimeClientHandle implements Runnable{
private String host;
private int port;
private Selector selector;
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
private volatile boolean stop;
public TimeClientHandle(String host,int port) {
this.host = host == null ? "127.0.0.1" : host;
this.port = port;
try {
selector = Selector.open();
socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doConnect();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
while(!stop){
try {
selector.select(1000);
Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectedKeys.iterator();
SelectionKey key = null;
while(it.hasNext()){
key = it.next();
it.remove();
try {
handleInput(key);
} catch (Exception e) {
if(key != null){
key.cancel();
if(key.channel() != null){
key.channel().close();
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
//多路复用器关闭后,所有注册在上面的channel和pipe等资源
//都会被自动去注册并关闭,所不需要重复释放资源
if(selector != null){
try {
selector.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException{
if(key.isValid()){
//判断是否连接成功
SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)key.channel();
if(key.isConnectable()){
if(sc.finishConnect()){
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
doWrite(sc);
}else{
System.exit(1);
}
}
if(key.isReadable()){
ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
if(readBytes > 0){
readBuffer.flip();
byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
readBuffer.get(bytes);
String body = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
System.out.println("NOW IS" + body);
this.stop = true;
}else if(readBytes < 0){
//对端链路关闭
key.cancel();
sc.close();
}
}
}
}
private void doConnect() throws IOException{
//如果直接连接成功,则注册到多路复用器上,发送请求消息,读应答
if(socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(port))){
socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
doWrite(socketChannel);
}else{
socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
}
}
private void doWrite(SocketChannel sc) throws IOException{
byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();
ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(req.length);
writeBuffer.put(req);
writeBuffer.flip();
sc.write(writeBuffer);
if(!writeBuffer.hasRemaining()){
System.out.println("Send order 2 server succeed.");
}
}
}
总结:
NIO编程的优点:
1.客户端发起的连接操作时异步的,可以通过在多路复用器注册OP_CONNECT等待后续结果,不需要像以前的客户端那样被同步阻塞
2.SocketChannel的读写操作都是异步的,如果没有可读写的数据它不会同步等待,直接返回,这样I/O通信线程就可以处理其他的链路,不需要同步等待这个链路可用
3.线程模型的优化(也就是使用了epoll)