sqlite数据库——select查询

sql语句:
1.select count(*) FROM student//查询表中数据行数
2.SELECT sex,student_number FROM student where name=?//查询名字为《要查的名字》的性别,学号
3.select * from table1 left/right join table2 on table1.id=table2.id //外连接查询,结合俩个表中数据去查询
查询demon

//查找表中所有学生人数
#define SELECT_STUDENT_MSG "select count(*) FROM student"

//查找某个学生的信息
#define SELECT_STUDENT_NAME "SELECT sex,student_number FROM student where name=?;"
/***************************
**1.1查询表中所数据个数
*****************************/
int select_students_number(sqlite3 *db)
{
	int res=-1;
	int ret=-1;
	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;

	//1.执行sqlite语句
	res=sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,SELECT_STUDENT_MSG,-1,&stmt,NULL);
	if (SQLITE_OK != res) {
		goto out;
	}

	//2.遍历select返回的结果
	res=sqlite3_step(stmt);

	//SQLITE_ROW--->下一行准备
	if (SQLITE_ROW == res) {
		ret = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0);//返回当前语句结果
	}

out_free:
		sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
		return ret;
out:
		if (res < 0) {
			printf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
			return ret;
		}
}

/***************************
**1.2查询表中相应学生信息
*****************************/
student_t *selec_student_msg(sqlite3 *db,char *name)
{
	int res=-1;
	int err=-1;
	struct student *msg;
	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
	//1.执行sqlit语句
	res=sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,SELECT_STUDENT_NAME,-1,&stmt,NULL);
	if (SQLITE_OK != res) {
		err = -1;
		goto out_free;
	}
	res = sqlite3_bind_text(stmt,1,name,-1,SQLITE_STATIC); 
	if (res != SQLITE_OK) 
		goto out;
	
	
	//2遍历返回结果
	while(SQLITE_ROW == sqlite3_step(stmt))
	{
		msg = calloc(1, sizeof(struct student));

		if (NULL != sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0)) {
			strcpy(msg->student_sex,sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0));
		}

		msg->student_number = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 1);
		strcpy(msg->student_name, name);
	}
	err=0;
out_free:
	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
out:
	if (err < 0) {
		printf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
	}
	return msg;
}

完整可运行demon

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


#define DB_PATH "./student.db" //数据库创建路径

char name[10]="\0";
char sex[10]="\0";


typedef struct student{
	char student_name[10];
	char student_sex[10];
	int student_number;
}student_t;

/***************************sql 语句定义 start**********************************/
#define CREATE_TABLE               \
    "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS student( " \
    "student_number	INTEGER DEFAULT 1,"   \
    "name		TEXT DEFAULT NULL,"  \
    "sex		TEXT DEFAULT NULL"  \
    ");"

//清空学生表
#define EMPTY_STUDENT "DELETE FROM student"


#define INSERT_MSG "INSERT or IGNORE INTO student (student_number,name,sex) VALUES (?,?,?)"

//更新学生信息
#define UPDATE_STUDENT_MSG "update student set student_number=?,sex=? where name=?;"

//查找表中所有学生人数
#define SELECT_STUDENT_MSG "select count(*) FROM student"

//查找某个学生的信息
#define SELECT_STUDENT_NAME "SELECT sex,student_number FROM student where name=?;"


/***************************sql 语句定义 end***********************************/

static sqlite3 *db;

//初始化表
void init_tab(sqlite3 *db)
{
	int res,err=-1;
	sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL;

	if (NULL == db) {
		printf("param error\n");
	}

    //1.执行sql select语句
	res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, CREATE_TABLE, -1, &stmt, NULL);

	if (res != SQLITE_OK) {
		goto out_err;
	}

	//2.遍历select执行的返回结果
	res = sqlite3_step(stmt);

	//SQLITE_DONE == res | sqlite3_step() has finished executing
	if (SQLITE_DONE == res) {
		err = 0;
	}

out_err:

	//3.销毁前面被sqlite3_prepare创建的准备语句
	//【每个准备语句都必须使用这个函数去销毁以防止内存泄露】
	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);

	if (err < 0) {
		printf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));//打印错误信息
	}

	return ;
}


/*************************
*1.初始化数据库
*参数:数据库的路径
*return 0成功
**************************/
int sqlite_init(const char *path)
{
	int res;

	if(NULL == path)//防止传入参数为空
	{
		printf("param error\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	res = sqlite3_initialize();//初始化,成功返回SQLITE_OK

	if (res != SQLITE_OK) {
		printf("sqlite3_initialize error\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	//打开数据库,(存在打开,不存在创建)成功返回1
	res = sqlite3_open(path, &db);

	if (res) {
		printf("cannot open database error\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//初始化表
	init_tab(db);
	
	return 0;
}

/*************************
*2.数据库插入数据
*参数:要插入的数据
**************************/

void database_insert(int number,const char *name, const char *sex)
{
	int res, err = -1;
	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
	
	//1.执行sql select语句
	res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, INSERT_MSG, -1, &stmt, NULL);

	if (SQLITE_OK != res) {
		goto out;
	}

	//2.绑定数据 int类型
	res = sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 1, number);
    if (res != SQLITE_OK) 
   	{
		goto out_free;   
    }

	//2.绑定数据 字符型
	//SQLITE_STATIC->传递给该字符串的指针将有效,直到执行查询为止
	res = sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 2, name, -1, SQLITE_STATIC); 
    if (res != SQLITE_OK) 
	{
		goto out_free;
    }
	res = sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 3, sex, -1, SQLITE_STATIC); 
    if (res != SQLITE_OK) 
	{
		goto out_free;
    }
	
	//3.遍历select执行的返回结果
	res = sqlite3_step(stmt);

	if (SQLITE_DONE == res) {
		err = 0;
	}
out_free:
	//4.销毁前面被sqlite3_prepare创建的准备语句
	//【每个准备语句都必须使用这个函数去销毁以防止内存泄露】
	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
out:

	if (err < 0) {
		printf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
		printf( "res = %d\n", res);
	}
}

/*****************
**3.数据库更新数据
**参数:要更新的数据
*******************/
void update_student_msg(int student_number,char *sex,char *name)
{
	int res, err = -1;
	sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL;
	
	//1.执行sql select语句
	res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, UPDATE_STUDENT_MSG, -1, &stmt, NULL);

	if (SQLITE_OK != res) {
		goto out_err;
	}
	
	//2.绑定数据 整型
	//SQLITE_STATIC->传递给该字符串的指针将有效,直到执行查询为止
	res = sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, 1, student_number);
	if (res != SQLITE_OK) 
		goto out_err;
	res = sqlite3_bind_text(stmt,2,sex,-1,SQLITE_STATIC); 
	if (res != SQLITE_OK) 
		goto out_err;
	res = sqlite3_bind_text(stmt,3,name,-1,SQLITE_STATIC); 
	if (res != SQLITE_OK) 
		goto out_err;
	
	//3.遍历select执行的返回结果
	res = sqlite3_step(stmt);

	if (SQLITE_DONE == res) {
		err = 0;
	}

out_free:
	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
out_err:

	if (err < 0) {
		printf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
	}
}

/*************************
*4.数据库删除数据
*参数:要删除的数据
**************************/
//清空数据库
void database_empty_student(sqlite3 *db)
{
	int res, err = -1;
	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;

	//1.执行sql语句
	res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, EMPTY_STUDENT, -1, &stmt, NULL);

	if (SQLITE_OK != res) {
		goto out;
	}

	//2.遍历执行的返回结果
	res = sqlite3_step(stmt);

	if (SQLITE_DONE == res) {
		err = 0;
	}

out_free:
		sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
out:
	if (err < 0) {
		printf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
	}
}
/***************************
**5.1查询表中所数据个数
*****************************/
int select_students_number(sqlite3 *db)
{
	int res=-1;
	int ret=-1;
	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;

	//1.执行sqlite语句
	res=sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,SELECT_STUDENT_MSG,-1,&stmt,NULL);
	if (SQLITE_OK != res) {
		goto out;
	}

	//2.遍历select返回的结果
	res=sqlite3_step(stmt);

	//SQLITE_ROW--->下一行准备
	if (SQLITE_ROW == res) {
		ret = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0);//返回当前语句结果
	}

out_free:
		sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
		return ret;
out:
		if (res < 0) {
			printf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
			return ret;
		}
}

/***************************
**5.2查询表中相应学生信息
*****************************/
student_t *selec_student_msg(sqlite3 *db,char *name)
{
	int res=-1;
	int err=-1;
	struct student *msg;
	sqlite3_stmt *stmt;
	//1.执行sqlit语句
	res=sqlite3_prepare_v2(db,SELECT_STUDENT_NAME,-1,&stmt,NULL);
	if (SQLITE_OK != res) {
		err = -1;
		goto out_free;
	}
	res = sqlite3_bind_text(stmt,1,name,-1,SQLITE_STATIC); 
	if (res != SQLITE_OK) 
		goto out;
	
	
	//2遍历返回结果
	while(SQLITE_ROW == sqlite3_step(stmt))
	{
		msg = calloc(1, sizeof(struct student));

		if (NULL != sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0)) {
			strcpy(msg->student_sex,sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0));
		}

		msg->student_number = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 1);
		strcpy(msg->student_name, name);
	}
	err=0;
out_free:
	sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
out:
	if (err < 0) {
		printf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
	}
	return msg;
}


void init_msg(const char *name_msg,const char *sex_msg)
{
	memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
	memset(name, '\0', sizeof(sex));
	sprintf(name,"%s",name_msg);
	sprintf(sex,"%s",sex_msg);	
}

int main()
{	
	int student_count=0;
	struct student *msg;
	sqlite_init(DB_PATH);
	database_empty_student(db);

//1.插入
	init_msg("小明","男");	
	database_insert(1,name,sex);

	init_msg("小龙","男");	
	database_insert(2,name,sex);

	init_msg("小红","女");	
	database_insert(3,name,sex);

//2.更新数据,将小明的学号更改为3,小红改为1
	init_msg("小明","男");	
	update_student_msg(3,sex,name);

	init_msg("小红","女");	
	update_student_msg(1,sex,name);

//查询操作
	student_count=select_students_number(db);
	printf("====学生数量是:%d\n",student_count);

	msg=selec_student_msg(db,"小龙");
	printf("=====姓名:%s | 学号:%d       | 性别:%s\n",msg->student_name,msg->student_number,msg->student_sex);

	msg=selec_student_msg(db,"小明");
	printf("=====姓名:%s | 学号:%d       | 性别:%s\n",msg->student_name,msg->student_number,msg->student_sex);

	msg=selec_student_msg(db,"小红");
	printf("=====姓名:%s | 学号:%d       | 性别:%s\n",msg->student_name,msg->student_number,msg->student_sex);

	
	return 0;
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述

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