设计模式-中介者模式（Java实现）

1. 摘要

中介者模式可以把互相关联的两者解耦。这里的互相关联，就是关系数据库中的关联关系。如班级和学生的关系，每个班级有多个学生，但每个学生只属于一个班级。（关系数据库中的一对多关系）通过中介者模式，就能很好的实现一对多、多对多关系。本文仅介绍一对多的实现，多对多的实现与之类似，读者可举一反三。

2. 中介者模式UML图

3. 中介者模式实现

Mediator:

public class Mediator<MANY,ONE> {

    private Map<MANY,ONE> mMany2One = new HashMap<>();

    public ONE getOne(MANY many) {
        return mMany2One.get(many);
    }

    public Set<MANY> getMany(ONE one) {
        Set<MANY> set = new HashSet<>();
        Iterator<Map.Entry<MANY,ONE>> i = mMany2One.entrySet().iterator();
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry<MANY,ONE> e = i.next();
            if (e.getValue().equals(one)) {
                set.add(e.getKey());
            }
        }
        return set;
    }

    public void set(MANY many, ONE one) {
        mMany2One.put(many, one);
    }

}

Student:

public class Student {

    private String mId;
    private Mediator<Student, ClassRoom> mMediator;

    public Student(String id, Mediator<Student, ClassRoom> mediator) {
        mId = id;
        mMediator = mediator;
    }

    public ClassRoom getClassRoom() {
        return mMediator.getOne(this);
    }

    public void setClassRoom(ClassRoom classRoom) {
        mMediator.set(this, classRoom);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "[Student id: " + mId + "]";
    }
}

ClassRoom:

public class ClassRoom {

    private String mId;
    private Mediator<Student, ClassRoom> mMediator;

    public ClassRoom(String id, Mediator<Student, ClassRoom> mediator) {
        mId = id;
        mMediator = mediator;
    }

    public Set<Student> getStudents() {
        return mMediator.getMany(this);
    }

    public void addStudent(Student student) {
        mMediator.set(student, this);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "[ClassRoom id: " + mId + "]";
    }
}

4. 中介者模式实现多对多思路

可以使用List<Pair<F,S>>来代替一对多中Mediator的Map<MANY,ONE>对象。F为First的缩写，S为Second的缩写。使用Pair<F,S>来处理多对多关系，与关系数据库中，处理多对多关系的方式一样。举例来说，学生与课程是多对多的关系。假设，学生有三人，学生1、学生2、学生3，课程有两门，课程1、课程2。学生1选修了课程1，List<Pair<学生,课程>>就需要添加这一项Pair<学生,课程> pair11 = new Pair(学生1，课程1); 学生2选修了课程1和课程2，则List<Pair<学生,课程>>就需要再添加这两项Pair<学生,课程> pair21 = new Pair(学生2，课程1); 以及Pair<学生,课程> pair22 = new Pair(学生2，课程2); 学生3选修了课程2，则不再累述。

在Android中，Pair<F, S>实现如下:

package android.util;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Container to ease passing around a tuple of two objects. This object provides a sensible
 * implementation of equals(), returning true if equals() is true on each of the contained
 * objects.
 */
public class Pair<F, S> {
    public final F first;
    public final S second;

    /**
     * Constructor for a Pair.
     *
     * @param first the first object in the Pair
     * @param second the second object in the pair
     */
    public Pair(F first, S second) {
        this.first = first;
        this.second = second;
    }

    /**
     * Checks the two objects for equality by delegating to their respective
     * {@link Object#equals(Object)} methods.
     *
     * @param o the {@link Pair} to which this one is to be checked for equality
     * @return true if the underlying objects of the Pair are both considered
     *         equal
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (!(o instanceof Pair)) {
            return false;
        }
        Pair<?, ?> p = (Pair<?, ?>) o;
        return Objects.equals(p.first, first) && Objects.equals(p.second, second);
    }

    /**
     * Compute a hash code using the hash codes of the underlying objects
     *
     * @return a hashcode of the Pair
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return (first == null ? 0 : first.hashCode()) ^ (second == null ? 0 : second.hashCode());
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Pair{" + String.valueOf(first) + " " + String.valueOf(second) + "}";
    }

    /**
     * Convenience method for creating an appropriately typed pair.
     * @param a the first object in the Pair
     * @param b the second object in the pair
     * @return a Pair that is templatized with the types of a and b
     */
    public static <A, B> Pair <A, B> create(A a, B b) {
        return new Pair<A, B>(a, b);
    }
}

5. 引用

[1] 《设计模式Java手册》