python(25)-面向对象OOP-封装-继承-多态

OOP编程,类的创建，封装，继承，多态，c++与python在语法上略有不同。
1.python类的创建，实例生成，删除

class person(object):         #定义一个类， class是定义类的语法，Role是类名，(object)是新式类的写法
    def __init__(self, name, age):#构造函数，在生成一个角色时要初始化的一些属性就填写在这里
        self.name = name
        self.age= age
    def __del__(self):            #析构函数
       print("delete")
    def fun1(self):
        print("fun1...")

    def fun2(self):
        print("fun2...")

    def print_gun(self, name):
        print("just myname= %s" % name)


p1 = person('Alex', '12' )  #生成一个实例 , 会自动把参数传给person下面的__init__(...)方法
p2 = person('Jack', '13')
del p1                        

2.继承，多态：C++ 用public python 和JAVA都是super
   2.1C++代码
    基类：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//基类People
class People
{
  public:
    People(char *name, int age);
    virtual void display();          //声明为虚函数 
  protected:
    char *m_name;
    int m_age;
};
People::People(string name, int age):m_name(name), m_age(age) {}   //默认构造函数
void People::display()
{
    cout<<m_name<<"今年"<<m_age<<"岁了，是个无业游民。"<<endl;
}

 派生类：
     class Teacher: public People
 

//派生类Teacher                      派生类是用Public关键词
class Teacher: public People
{    
public:
    Teacher(char *name, int age, int salary);//多了一个变量salary
    virtual void display();                  //声明为虚函数
private:
    int m_salary;
};
Teacher::Teacher(string name, int age, int salary) : People(name, age), m_salary(salary) {}
void Teacher::display()
{
    cout<<m_name<<"今年"<<m_age<<"岁了，是一名教师，每月有"<<m_salary<<"元的收入。"<<endl;
}

   2.2python 代码
       基类 父类
 

class Person(object):
    members = 0  # 初始学校人数为0

    def __init__(self, name, age):#1.构造函数
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def tell(self):             #
        pass
    def abstractFun(self):   # 3.被继承函数，子类中会有不同实现 C++中叫虚函数
        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass must implement abstract method")
    def enroll(self):
        Person.members += 1
        print("\033[32;1mnew member [%s] is enrolled,now there are [%s] members.\033[0m " % (
        self.name, Person.members))

    def __del__(self):              #2.析构函数
        print("\033[31;1mmember [%s] is dead!\033[0m" % self.name)

       派生类 子类
      1.与C++比类，定义不用public 直接（），构造函数用super表示父类
      2.与C++比，无virtual关键字
 

class Teacher(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age,  salary):
        super(Teacher, self).__init__(name, age)   #构造函数 super关键字
        self.salary = salary
        self.enroll()

    def teaching(self):           #本类特有的函数
        print("Teacher [%s] is teaching [%s] for class [%s]" % (self.name, self.course, 's12'))

    def tell(self):               #继承来的函数 无virtual关键字
        msg = '''Hi, my name is [%s], works for [%s] as a [%s] teacher !''' % (self.name, 'Oldboy', self.course)
        print(msg)

    def abstractFun(self):     # 子类实现多态的一个函数
        print("teacher")

#派生类2
class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, grade, sid):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, age)
        self.grade = grade
        self.sid = sid
        self.enroll()

    def tell(self):    #继承于父类，但子类自我实现
        msg = '''Hi, my name is [%s], I'm studying [%s] in [%s]!''' % (self.name, self.grade, 'Oldboy')
        print(msg)

    def abstractFun(self):#  子类实现多态的一个函数
        print("Student")