cheat-sheet-python-basics

1. Variables and Data Types

1.1 Variable Assignment

>>> x = 5
>>> x
    5

1.2 Calculations with Variables

>>> x + 2 # Sum of two variables
    7
>>> x - 2 # Subtraction of two variables
    3
>>> x * 2 # Multiplication of two variables
    10
>>> x ** 2 # Exponentiation of a variable
    23
>>> x % 2 # Remainder of a variable
    1
>>> x / float(2) # Division of a variable
    2.5

1.3 Types and Type Conversion

Function	Example	Explanation
str ()	‘5’, ‘3.45’, ‘True’	Variables to strings
int()	5, 3, 1	Variables to integers
float()	5.0, 1.0	Variables to floats
bool()	True, True, True	Variables to booleans

2. Lists

>>> a = 'is'
>>> b = 'nice'
>>> my_list = ['my', 'list', a, b]
>>> my_list2 = [[4, 5, 6, 7],[3, 4, 5, 6]]

2.1 Selecting List Elements

• Subset

>>> my_list[1] # Select item at index 1
>>> my_list[-3] # Select 3rd last item

• Slice

>>> my_list[1:3] # Select items at index 1 and 2
>>> my_list[1: ] # Select items after index 0
>>> my_list[:3] # Select items before index 3
>>> my_list[:] # Copy my_list

• Subset Lists of Lists

 >>> my_list2[1][0] # my_list[list][itemOfList]
 >>> my_list2[1][:2]

2.2 List Operations

>>> my_list + my_list
    ['my', 'list', 'is', 'nice', 'my', 'list', 'is', 'nice']
>>> my_list * 2
    ['my', 'list', 'is', 'nice', 'my', 'list', 'is', 'nice']
>>> my_list2 > 4
    True

2. 3 List Methods

Function	Explanation
my_list.index (a)	Get the index of an item
my_list.count (a)	Count an item
my_list.append('!')	Append an item at a time
my_list.remove('!')	Remove an item
del(my_list[0:1])	Remove an item
my_list.reverse()	Reverse the list
my_list.extend('!')	Append an item
my_list.pop(-1)	Remove an item
my_list.insert(0,'!')	Insert an item
my_list.sort()	Sort the list

3. Strings

>>> my_string = 'thisStringIsAwesome'
>>> my_string
'thisStringIsAwesome'

3.1 String Operations

>>> my_string * 2
    'thisStringIsAwesomethisStringIsAwesome'
>>> my_string + 'Innit'
    'thisStringIsAwesomeInnit'
>>> 'm' in my_string
     True
>>> my_string[3] # index starts at 0
>>> my_string[4:9]

3.2 String Methods

Function	Explanation
my_string.upper()	String to uppercase
my_string.lower()	String to lowercase
my_string.count('w')	Count String elements
my_string.replace('e', 'i')	Replace String elements
my_string.strip()	Strip whitespaces

4. Numpy Arrays

>>> my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> my_array = np.array(my_list)
>>> my_2darray = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])

4.1 Selecting Numpy Array Elements

# Subset
>>> my_array[1] # Select item at index 1
    2 
# Slice
>>> my_array[0:2] # Select items at index 0 and 1
    array([1, 2])
# Subset 2D Numpy arrays
>>> my_2darray[:,0] # my_2darray[rows, columns]
    array([1, 4])

4.2 Numpy Array Operations

>>> my_array > 3
    array([False, False, False, True], dtype=bool)
>>> my_array * 2
    array([2, 4, 6, 8])
>>> my_array + np.array([5, 6, 7, 8])
    array([6, 8, 10, 12])

4.3 Numpy Array Functions

Function	Explanation
my_array.shape	Get the dimensions of the array
np.append(other_array)	Append items to an array
np.insert(my_array, 1, 5)	Insert items in an array
np.delete(my_array, [1])	Delete items in an array
np.mean(my_array)	Mean of the array
np.median(my_array)	Median of the array
my_array.corrcoef()	Correlation coefficient
np.std(my_array)	Standard deviation

5. Libraries

# Import libraries
>>> import numpy
>>> import numpy as np
# Selective import
>>> from math import pi