职工管理系统-C++实现

本案例为学习c++时跟着教程一起做的练习。

课程来源：黑马程序员

课程链接：

【黑马程序员匠心之作|C++教程从0到1入门编程,学习编程不再难】https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1et411b73Z?p=147&vd_source=142cd962633c250546e44894a32dfb0e

一、案例介绍

利用C++来实现一个基于多态的职工管理系统。公司中职工分为三类：普通员工、经理、老板，显示信息时，需要显示职工编号、职工姓名、职工岗位、以及职责。

管理系统中需要实现的功能如下：

• 退出管理程序：退出当前管理系统

• 增加职工信息：实现批量添加职工功能，将信息录入到文件中，职工信息为：职工编号、姓名、部门编号

• 显示职工信息：显示公司内部所有职工的信息

• 删除离职职工：删除指定的职工

• 修改职工信息：修改职工个人信息

• 查找职工信息：按照职工的编号或者职工的姓名进行查找相关的人员信息

• 按照编号排序：按照职工编号，进行排序，排序规则由用户指定

• 清空所有文档：清空文件中记录的所有职工信息 （清空前需要再次确认，防止误删）

⭐⭐在练习时，我对代码根据个人的编码习惯进行了一些修改，如封装了按照姓名或id进行查找的功能，在删除、修改、查找等功能中直接调用进行查找其数据索引等。

二、代码

1)头文件

worker基类："worker.h"

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class worker {
public:
	virtual void showInfo() = 0;//显示个人信息
	virtual string GetJobTitle() = 0;//获取岗位名称

	int worker_id;//职工编号
	string name;//职工姓名
	int DepartmentNumber;//职工所在部门编号
};

普通员工类：“OrdinaryEmployee.h”

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include"worker.h"
using namespace std;
class OrdinaryEmployee :public worker {
public:
	OrdinaryEmployee(int id, string name, int DepNum);//构造函数
	~OrdinaryEmployee();//析构函数
	virtual void showInfo();//显示个人信息
	virtual string GetJobTitle();//获取职工岗位名称
};

经理类：“CompanyManager.h”

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include"worker.h"
using namespace std;

class CompanyManager :public worker {
public:
	CompanyManager(int id, string name, int DepNum);//构造函数
	~CompanyManager();//析构函数
	virtual void showInfo();//显示个人信息
	virtual string GetJobTitle();//获取职工岗位名称
};

 老板类：“Boss.h”

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include"worker.h"
using namespace std;

class Boss :public worker {
public:
	Boss(int id, string name, int DepNum);//构造函数
	~Boss();//析构函数
	virtual void showInfo();//显示个人信息
	virtual string GetJobTitle();//获取职工岗位名称
};

职工管理类：“Worker_Manager.h”

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include "worker.h"
#include "OrdinaryEmployee.h"
#include "CompanyManager.h"
#include "Boss.h"
#include <fstream>
#define FILENAME "WorkerFile.txt"

class Worker_Manager {
public:
	
	Worker_Manager();//构造函数

	~Worker_Manager();//析构函数

	void show_Menu();//显示菜单

	void exitSys();//退出系统

	void add_emp();//添加职工

	void save(); //保存到文件

	bool FileIsEmpty;//判断文件是否为空

	int getNumOfWorkerInTheFile();//获取文件中的人数

	void init_EmployeeListData();//初始化员工数组

	void show_WorkerList();//显示职工信息

	int getIndexById(int id);//通过id获取员工信息在数组中的位置

	int getIndexByName(string name);//通过名字获取员工信息在数组中的位置

	int FindEmpIndex();//找到员工位置

	void Del_Emp();//删除指定职工

	void edit_Emp();//修改指定职工信息

	void Find_Emp();//查找员工

	void sort_Emp();//按职工号排序

	void Clean_File();//清空文件

	int workerNum;//当前员工数

	worker** EmployeeArr;//员工数组指针
};

2）源文件

“职工管理系统.cpp”

/*
    Author：Euan Cai
    Creation time:2024-04-09 
*/

#include <iostream>
#include "Worker_Manager.h"
using namespace std;


int main()
{
    Worker_Manager manager;
	int choice = 0;
	while (true)
	{
		//展示菜单
		manager.show_Menu();
		cout << "请输入您的选择:" << endl;
		cin >> choice;

		switch (choice)
		{
			case 0: //退出系统
				manager.exitSys();
				break;
			case 1: //添加职工
				manager.add_emp();
				break;
			case 2: //显示职工
				manager.show_WorkerList();
				break;
			case 3: //删除职工
				manager.Del_Emp();
				break;
			case 4: //修改职工
				manager.edit_Emp();
				break;
			case 5: //查找职工
				manager.Find_Emp();
				break;
			case 6: //排序职工
				manager.sort_Emp();
				break;
			case 7: //清空文件
				manager.Clean_File();
				break;
			default:
				system("cls");
				break;
		}
	}
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

“OrdinaryEmployee.cpp”

#include "OrdinaryEmployee.h"

OrdinaryEmployee::OrdinaryEmployee(int id, string name, int DepNum)
{
	this->worker_id = id;
	this->name = name;
	this->DepartmentNumber = DepNum;
}

OrdinaryEmployee::~OrdinaryEmployee()
{
}

void OrdinaryEmployee::showInfo()
{
	cout << "职工编号：" << this->worker_id
		<< "\t职工名称：" << this->name
		<< "\t岗位：" << this->GetJobTitle()
		<< "\t岗位职责：完成经理交给的任务。" << endl;
}

string OrdinaryEmployee::GetJobTitle()
{
	return string("普通员工");
}

“CompanyManager.cpp”

#include "CompanyManager.h"

CompanyManager::CompanyManager(int id, string name, int DepNum)
{
	this->worker_id = id;
	this->name = name;
	this->DepartmentNumber = DepNum;
}

CompanyManager::~CompanyManager()
{
}

void CompanyManager::showInfo()
{
	cout << "职工编号：" << this->worker_id
		<< "\t职工名称：" << this->name
		<< "\t岗位：" << this->GetJobTitle()
		<< "\t岗位职责：完成老板交给的任务,并下发任务给员工。" << endl;
}

string CompanyManager::GetJobTitle()
{
	return string("经理");
}

“Boss.cpp”

#include "Boss.h"

Boss::Boss(int id, string name, int DepNum)
{
	this->worker_id = id;
	this->name = name;
	this->DepartmentNumber = DepNum;
}

Boss::~Boss()
{
}

void Boss::showInfo()
{
	cout << "职工编号：" << this->worker_id
		<< "\t职工名称：" << this->name
		<< "\t岗位：" << this->GetJobTitle()
		<< "\t岗位职责：管理公司所有事物。" << endl;
}

string Boss::GetJobTitle()
{
	return string("老板");
}

“Worker_Manager.cpp”

/*
管理类负责的内容：
* 与用户的沟通菜单界面
* 对职工增删改查的操作
* 与文件的读写交互
*/

#include "Worker_Manager.h"

Worker_Manager::Worker_Manager()
{
	ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);
	if (!ifs.is_open()) {
		cout << "====当前系统中职工名单文件不存在！！====" << endl;
		this->workerNum = 0;
		this->EmployeeArr = NULL;
		this->FileIsEmpty = true;
		ifs.close();
		return;
	}
	char ch;
	ifs >> ch;
	if (ifs.eof()) {
		cout << "====当前系统中职工名单文件存在但内容为空！！====" << endl;
		this->workerNum = 0;
		this->EmployeeArr = NULL;
		this->FileIsEmpty = true;
		ifs.close();
		return;
	}
	int num = this->getNumOfWorkerInTheFile();
	cout << "====当前系统中依据职工名单文件共识别到" << num << "个职工数据！！====" << endl;
	this->workerNum = num;
	this->FileIsEmpty = false;
	this->EmployeeArr = new worker * [this->workerNum];
	this->init_EmployeeListData();
}

Worker_Manager::~Worker_Manager()
{
	//释放堆区数据
	if (this->EmployeeArr != NULL) {
		delete[] this->EmployeeArr;
	}
}

void Worker_Manager::show_Menu()
{
	std::cout << "********************************************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*********  欢迎使用职工管理系统！ **********" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*************  0.退出管理程序  *************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*************  1.增加职工信息  *************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*************  2.显示职工信息  *************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*************  3.删除离职职工  *************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*************  4.修改职工信息  *************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*************  5.查找职工信息  *************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*************  6.按照编号排序  *************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "*************  7.清空所有文档  *************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "********************************************" << std::endl;
	std::cout << std::endl;
}

void Worker_Manager::exitSys()
{
	std::cout << "欢迎下次使用！！" << std::endl;
	system("pause");
	exit(0);//关闭所有文件，终止正在执行的进程。stdlib.h: void exit(int status); 参数:status表示程序退出的返回值.
}

void Worker_Manager::add_emp()
{
	std::cout << "请输入要添加的职工数量：" << std::endl;
	int addNum = 0;
	cin >> addNum;
	if (addNum > 0) {
		int newSize = this->workerNum + addNum;
		worker** newSpace = new worker * [newSize];
		if (this->EmployeeArr != NULL) {
			for (int i = 0; i < this->workerNum; i++) {
				newSpace[i] = this->EmployeeArr[i];
			}
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < addNum; i++) {
			int id;
			string name;
			int type;
			std::cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个新员工的编号：" << endl;
			cin >> id;
			std::cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个新员工的姓名：" << endl;
			cin >> name;
			cout << "请选择该职工的岗位：" << endl;
			cout << "1、普通职工" << endl;
			cout << "2、经理" << endl;
			cout << "3、老板" << endl;
			cin >> type;

			worker* worker = NULL;
			switch (type)
			{
			case 1:
				worker = new OrdinaryEmployee(id, name, type);
				break;
			case 2:
				worker = new CompanyManager(id, name, type);
				break;
			case 3:
				worker = new Boss(id, name, type);
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}

			newSpace[this->workerNum + i] = worker;
		}

		delete[] this->EmployeeArr;
		this->EmployeeArr = newSpace;
		this->workerNum = newSize;
		this->save();
		this->FileIsEmpty = false;
		cout << "成功增加" << addNum << "个新员工！！" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "输入有误！！" << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void Worker_Manager::save()
{
	ofstream ofs;
	ofs.open(FILENAME, ios::out);
	for (int i = 0; i < this->workerNum; i++) {
		ofs << this->EmployeeArr[i]->worker_id << " "
			<< this->EmployeeArr[i]->name << " "
			<< this->EmployeeArr[i]->DepartmentNumber << endl;
	}
	ofs.close();
}

int Worker_Manager::getNumOfWorkerInTheFile()
{
	ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);
	int id;
	string name;
	int Did;
	int worker_Num = 0;
	while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> Did) //在C++中，ifstream的>>--提取符直接就是以空格为分隔符读取文件内容。
	{
		worker_Num++;
	}
	ifs.close();
	return worker_Num;
}

void Worker_Manager::init_EmployeeListData()
{
	ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open(FILENAME, ios::in);
	int id;
	string name;
	int deId;
	int index = 0;
	while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> deId) {
		worker* worker = NULL;
		if (deId == 1) {
			worker = new OrdinaryEmployee(id, name, deId);
		}
		else if (deId == 2) {
			worker = new CompanyManager(id, name, deId);
		}
		else {
			worker = new Boss(id, name, deId);
		}
		this->EmployeeArr[index++] = worker;
	}
	ifs.close();
	cout << "成功由文件导入" << index  << "个职工信息！！" << endl;
	cout << "系统初始化成功！！" << endl;
}

void Worker_Manager::show_WorkerList()
{
	if (this->FileIsEmpty) {
		cout << "文件不存在或文件为空，系统中找不到职工信息。" << endl;
	}
	else {
		for (int i = 0; i < workerNum; i++) {
			this->EmployeeArr[i]->showInfo();
		}
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

//根据id查找，若查找成功，返回该数据的索引，若查找失败，返回-1.
int Worker_Manager::getIndexById(int id)
{
	int index = -1;
	for (int i = 0; i < this->workerNum; i++) {
		if (this->EmployeeArr[i]->worker_id == id) {
			index = i;
			break;
		}
	}
	return index;
}

//根据姓名查找，若查找成功，返回该数据的索引，若查找失败，返回-1.
int Worker_Manager::getIndexByName(string name)
{
	int index = -1;
	for (int i = 0; i < this->workerNum; i++) {
		if (this->EmployeeArr[i]->name == name) {
			index = i;
			break;
		}
	}
	return index;
}

int Worker_Manager::FindEmpIndex()
{
	FIND:
	cout << "请输入对于该员工的查找方式：" << endl;
	cout << "1、通过id查找。" << endl;
	cout << "2、通过姓名查找。" << endl;
	int choice = 0;
	int index = -1;
	cin >> choice;
	if (choice == 1) {
		cout << "请输入要查找的员工编号：" << endl;
		int del_id = 0;
		cin >> del_id;
		index = this->getIndexById(del_id);
	}
	else if (choice == 2) {
		cout << "请输入要查找的员工姓名：" << endl;
		string del_name = "";
		cin >> del_name;
		index = this->getIndexByName(del_name);
	}
	else {
		cout << "无法识别您选择的方式，请重试。" << endl;
		goto FIND;
	}
	return index;
}

void Worker_Manager::Del_Emp()
{
	cout << "======删除指定职工信息======" << endl;
	if (this->FileIsEmpty) {
		cout << "文件不存在或为空，系统中暂不存在任何职工数据！！" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "请指定要删除的职工id或姓名：" << endl;
		int index = FindEmpIndex();
		if (index != -1) {
			for (int i = index; i < this->workerNum - 1; i++) {
				this->EmployeeArr[i] = this->EmployeeArr[i + 1];
			}
			this->workerNum--;
			this->save();
			cout << "删除成功。" << endl;
		}
		else {
			cout << "未找到该职工，删除失败。" << endl;
		}
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void Worker_Manager::edit_Emp()
{
	cout << "======修改指定职工信息======" << endl;
	if (this->FileIsEmpty) {
		cout << "文件不存在或为空，系统中暂不存在任何职工数据！！" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "请指定要修改的职工id或姓名：" << endl;
		int index = FindEmpIndex();
		if (index != -1) {
			cout << "查找到该员工，其修改前的信息为：" << endl;
			this->EmployeeArr[index]->showInfo();
			int newId = 0;
			string newName = "";
			int newDeNum = 0;
			cout << "请输入新的ID：" << endl;
			cin >> newId;
			cout << "请输入新的姓名：" << endl;
			cin >> newName;
			cout << "该员工修改前的职务为：" << this->EmployeeArr[index]->GetJobTitle() << "，请问要修改为：" << endl;
			cout << "1、普通职工" << endl;
			cout << "2、经理" << endl;
			cout << "3、老板" << endl;
			cin >> newDeNum;
			worker* worker = NULL;
			switch (newDeNum)
			{
			case 1:
				worker = new OrdinaryEmployee(newId, newName, newDeNum);
				break;
			case 2:
				worker = new CompanyManager(newId, newName, newDeNum);
				break;
			case 3:
				worker = new Boss(newId, newName, newDeNum);
				break;
			default:
				cout << "职位选项输入有误！" << endl;
				break;
			}
			this->EmployeeArr[index] = worker;
			this->save();
			cout << "修改成功。" << endl;
			cout << "修改后的信息为：" << endl;
			this->EmployeeArr[index]->showInfo();
		}
		else {
			cout << "未找到该职工，修改失败。" << endl;
		}
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void Worker_Manager::Find_Emp()
{
	cout << "======查找职工信息======" << endl;
	if (this->FileIsEmpty) {
		cout << "文件不存在或为空，系统中暂不存在任何职工数据！！" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "请指定要查找的职工id或姓名：" << endl;
		int index = FindEmpIndex();
		if (index != -1) {
			cout << "查找成功，该职工的信息如下：" << endl;
			this->EmployeeArr[index]->showInfo();
		}
		else {
			cout << "未找到该职工。" << endl;
		}
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void Worker_Manager::sort_Emp()
{
	if (this->FileIsEmpty)
	{
		cout << "文件不存在或记录为空！" << endl;
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
	}
	else {
		cout << "请选择排序方式： " << endl;
		cout << "1、按职工号进行升序" << endl;
		cout << "2、按职工号进行降序" << endl;
		int choice = 0;
		cin >> choice;
		if (choice != 1 && choice != 2) {
			cout << "输入有误，请确认后再试。" << endl;
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < this->workerNum; i++) {
			int flag = i;
			for (int j = i + 1; j < this->workerNum; j++) {
				if (choice == 1) {
					if (this->EmployeeArr[i]->worker_id > this->EmployeeArr[j]->worker_id) {
						flag = j;
					}
				}
				else {
					if (this->EmployeeArr[i]->worker_id < this->EmployeeArr[j]->worker_id) {
						flag = j;
					}
				}
			}
			if (i != flag) {
				worker* temp = this->EmployeeArr[i];
				this->EmployeeArr[i] = this->EmployeeArr[flag];
				this->EmployeeArr[flag] = temp;
			}
		}
		this->save();
		cout << "排序成功,排序后结果为：" << endl;
		this->show_WorkerList();
	}
}

void Worker_Manager::Clean_File()
{
	cout << "确认清空吗？" << endl;
	cout << "1、确认" << endl;
	cout << "2、返回" << endl;

	int select = 0;
	cin >> select;

	if (select == 1)
	{
		ofstream ofs(FILENAME, ios::trunc);//打开模式 ios::trunc 表示如果存在删除文件并重新创建
		ofs.close();

		if (this->EmployeeArr != NULL) {
			for (int i = 0; i < this->workerNum; i++) {
				if (this->EmployeeArr[i] != NULL) {
					delete this->EmployeeArr[i];
					this->EmployeeArr[i] = NULL;
				}
			}
			this->workerNum = 0;
			delete[]this->EmployeeArr;
			this->EmployeeArr = NULL;
			this->FileIsEmpty = true;
		}
		cout << "清空成功！！" << endl;
	}

	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}