线性回归 Linear Regression

Ng网上有三个DL教程：

1  wiki上的

2  本文的    文本教程， 和Ng机器学习 网易中文 

3   Ng openclassroom视频 中的   练习中文      练习英文    这个使用的最多！

Rachel Zhang的笔记1 

本文用的代码在这里。视频在这里。

成本函数J又称目标函数。

ex1/目录下的文件ex1_linreg.m用于表示线性回归的文件，此文件的主要流程如下：

1  加载数据文件集文件housing.data（此文件也在ex1/目录下）

2   数据集被分成训练集和测试集。学习算法的输入保存在变量train.X和test.X中，输入值表示房屋的面积。目标值表示房屋的价格，
对于训练集和测试集对应的目标值分别保存在train.y和test.y变量中。你可以用训练集去找预测房屋价格最恰当的theta值。然后大测试集上验证其效果。


3   调用minFunc函数。此函数在linear_regression.m文件中定义，作用是通过最小化成本函数J找到最佳的theta值。这个函数就是我们需要实现的，需要实现的功能：计算成本函数和梯度
4   打印训练误差和测试误差。也可能针对测试集样本画出预测价格和实际价格

文件ex1_linreg.m调用linear_regression.m文件中的minFunc函数，因此你必须要实现此函数。minFunc函数的参数：训练集X,训练目标y,和参数theta 

这个练习没有完成之前的输出结果如下图：

完成后的输出结果如下图：

训练和测试RMS 在 4.5和 5之间。

linear_regression.m文件如下（还没有实现对应的代码）：

function [f,g] = linear_regression(theta, X,y)
  %
  % Arguments:
  %   theta - A vector containing the parameter values to optimize.
  %   X - The examples stored in a matrix.
  %       X(i,j) is the i'th coordinate of the j'th example.
  %   y - The target value for each example.  y(j) is the target for example j.
  %
  
  m=size(X,2);
  n=size(X,1);

  f=0;
  g=zeros(size(theta));

  %
  % TODO:  Compute the linear regression objective by looping over the examples in X.
  %        Store the objective function value in 'f'.
  %
  % TODO:  Compute the gradient of the objective with respect to theta by looping over
  %        the examples in X and adding up the gradient for each example.  Store the
  %        computed gradient in 'g'.
  
%%% YOUR CODE HERE %%%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

文件ex1_linreg.m（还没有实现）

%
%This exercise uses a data from the UCI repository:
% Bache, K. & Lichman, M. (2013). UCI Machine Learning Repository
% http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml
% Irvine, CA: University of California, School of Information and Computer Science.
%
%Data created by:
% Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L.
% ''Hedonic prices and the demand for clean air''
% J. Environ. Economics & Management, vol.5, 81-102, 1978.
%
addpath ../common
addpath ../common/minFunc_2012/minFunc
addpath ../common/minFunc_2012/minFunc/compiled

% Load housing data from file.
data = load('housing.data');
data=data'; % put examples in columns

% Include a row of 1s as an additional intercept feature.
data = [ ones(1,size(data,2)); data ];

% Shuffle examples.
data = data(:, randperm(size(data,2)));

% Split into train and test sets
% The last row of 'data' is the median home price.
train.X = data(1:end-1,1:400);
train.y = data(end,1:400);

test.X = data(1:end-1,401:end);
test.y = data(end,401:end);

m=size(train.X,2);
n=size(train.X,1);

% Initialize the coefficient vector theta to random values.
theta = rand(n,1);

% Run the minFunc optimizer with linear_regression.m as the objective.
%
% TODO:  Implement the linear regression objective and gradient computations
% in linear_regression.m
%
tic;
options = struct('MaxIter', 200);
theta = minFunc(@linear_regression, theta, options, train.X, train.y);
fprintf('Optimization took %f seconds.\n', toc);

% Run minFunc with linear_regression_vec.m as the objective.
%
% TODO:  Implement linear regression in linear_regression_vec.m
% using MATLAB's vectorization features to speed up your code.
% Compare the running time for your linear_regression.m and
% linear_regression_vec.m implementations.
%
% Uncomment the lines below to run your vectorized code.
%Re-initialize parameters
%theta = rand(n,1);
%tic;
%theta = minFunc(@linear_regression_vec, theta, options, train.X, train.y);
%fprintf('Optimization took %f seconds.\n', toc);

% Plot predicted prices and actual prices from training set.
actual_prices = train.y;
predicted_prices = theta'*train.X;

% Print out root-mean-squared (RMS) training error.
train_rms=sqrt(mean((predicted_prices - actual_prices).^2));
fprintf('RMS training error: %f\n', train_rms);

% Print out test RMS error
actual_prices = test.y;
predicted_prices = theta'*test.X;
test_rms=sqrt(mean((predicted_prices - actual_prices).^2));
fprintf('RMS testing error: %f\n', test_rms);


% Plot predictions on test data.
plot_prices=true;
if (plot_prices)
  [actual_prices,I] = sort(actual_prices);
  predicted_prices=predicted_prices(I);
  plot(actual_prices, 'rx');
  hold on;
  plot(predicted_prices,'bx');
  legend('Actual Price', 'Predicted Price');
  xlabel('House #');
  ylabel('House price ($1000s)');
end