ExecutorService 建立多线程的步骤:
1。定义线程类 | class Handler implements Runnable{ } |
2。建立ExecutorService线程池 | ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); 或者 int cpuNums = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); //获取当前系统的CPU 数目 ExecutorService executorService =Executors.newFixedThreadPool(cpuNums * POOL_SIZE); //ExecutorService通常根据系统资源情况灵活定义线程池大小 |
3。调用线程池操作 | 循环操作,成为daemon,把新实例放入Executor池中 while(true){ executorService.execute(new Handler(socket)); // class Handler implements Runnable{ 或者 executorService.execute(createTask(i)); //private static Runnable createTask(final int taskID) } execute(Runnable对象)方法 其实就是对Runnable对象调用start()方法 (当然还有一些其他后台动作,比如队列,优先级,IDLE timeout,active激活等) |
几种不同的ExecutorService线程池对象
1.newCachedThreadPool() | -缓存型池子,先查看池中有没有以前建立的线程,如果有,就reuse.如果没有,就建一个新的线程加入池中 -缓存型池子通常用于执行一些生存期很短的异步型任务 因此在一些面向连接的daemon型SERVER中用得不多。 -能reuse的线程,必须是timeout IDLE内的池中线程,缺省timeout是60s,超过这个IDLE时长,线程实例将被终止及移出池。 注意,放入CachedThreadPool的线程不必担心其结束,超过TIMEOUT不活动,其会自动被终止。 |
2. newFixedThreadPool | -newFixedThreadPool与cacheThreadPool差不多,也是能reuse就用,但不能随时建新的线程 -其独特之处:任意时间点,最多只能有固定数目的活动线程存在,此时如果有新的线程要建立,只能放在另外的队列中等待,直到当前的线程中某个线程终止直接被移出池子 -和cacheThreadPool不同,FixedThreadPool没有IDLE机制(可能也有,但既然文档没提,肯定非常长,类似依赖上层的TCP或UDP IDLE机制之类的),所以FixedThreadPool多数针对一些很稳定很固定的正规并发线程,多用于服务器 -从方法的源代码看,cache池和fixed 池调用的是同一个底层池,只不过参数不同: fixed池线程数固定,并且是0秒IDLE(无IDLE) cache池线程数支持0-Integer.MAX_VALUE(显然完全没考虑主机的资源承受能力),60秒IDLE |
3.ScheduledThreadPool | -调度型线程池 -这个池子里的线程可以按schedule依次delay执行,或周期执行 |
4.SingleThreadExecutor | -单例线程,任意时间池中只能有一个线程 -用的是和cache池和fixed池相同的底层池,但线程数目是1-1,0秒IDLE(无IDLE) |
上面四种线程池,都使用Executor的缺省线程工厂建立线程,也可单独定义自己的线程工厂
下面是缺省线程工厂代码:
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); final ThreadGroup group; final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); final String namePrefix; DefaultThreadFactory() { SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); group = (s != null)? s.getThreadGroup() :Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-"; } public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(group, r,namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),0); if (t.isDaemon()) t.setDaemon(false); if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); return t; } } |
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { |
Executor的execute()方法
execute() 方法将Runnable实例加入pool中,并进行一些pool size计算和优先级处理
execute() 方法本身在Executor接口中定义,有多个实现类都定义了不同的execute()方法
如ThreadPoolExecutor类(cache,fiexed,single三种池子都是调用它)的execute方法如下:
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (poolSize >= corePoolSize || !addIfUnderCorePoolSize(command)) {
if (runState == RUNNING && workQueue.offer(command)) {
if (runState != RUNNING || poolSize == 0)
ensureQueuedTaskHandled(command);
}
else if (!addIfUnderMaximumPoolSize(command))
reject(command); // is shutdown or saturated
}
}
二:
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author leizhimin 2008-11-25 14:28:59
*/
public class TestCachedThreadPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
executorService.execute( new TestRunnable());
System.out.println( "************* a" + i + " *************");
}
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
class TestRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程被调用了。");
while ( true) {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
************* a1 *************
pool-1-thread-2线程被调用了。
************* a2 *************
pool-1-thread-3线程被调用了。
pool-1-thread-1线程被调用了。
************* a3 *************
************* a4 *************
pool-1-thread-4线程被调用了。
pool-1-thread-5线程被调用了。
pool-1-thread-2
pool-1-thread-1
pool-1-thread-3
pool-1-thread-5
pool-1-thread-4
pool-1-thread-2
pool-1-thread-1
pool-1-thread-3
pool-1-thread-5
pool-1-thread-4
......
public interface Callable<V>
Runnable
,两者都是为那些其实例可能被另一个线程执行的类设计的。但是Runnable 不会返回结果,并且无法抛出经过检查的异常。
Executors
类包含一些从其他普通形式转换成
Callable 类的实用方法。
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* Callable接口测试
*
* @author leizhimin 2008-11-26 9:20:13
*/
public class CallableDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
List<Future<String>> resultList = new ArrayList<Future<String>>();
//创建10个任务并执行
for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
//使用ExecutorService执行Callable类型的任务,并将结果保存在future变量中
Future<String> future = executorService.submit( new TaskWithResult(i));
//将任务执行结果存储到List中
resultList.add(future);
}
//遍历任务的结果
for (Future<String> fs : resultList) {
try {
System.out.println(fs.get()); //打印各个线程(任务)执行的结果
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//启动一次顺序关闭,执行以前提交的任务,但不接受新任务。如果已经关闭,则调用没有其他作用。
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
}
}
class TaskWithResult implements Callable<String> {
private int id;
public TaskWithResult( int id) {
this.id = id;
}
/**
* 任务的具体过程,一旦任务传给ExecutorService的submit方法,则该方法自动在一个线程上执行。
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public String call() throws Exception {
System.out.println( "call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
//一个模拟耗时的操作
for ( int i = 999999; i > 0; i--) ;
return "call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:" + id + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName();
}
}
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-3
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-4
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-6
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-2
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-5
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:0 pool-1-thread-1
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:1 pool-1-thread-2
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-2
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-6
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-4
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:2 pool-1-thread-3
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-3
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:3 pool-1-thread-4
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:4 pool-1-thread-5
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:5 pool-1-thread-6
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:6 pool-1-thread-2
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:7 pool-1-thread-6
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:8 pool-1-thread-4
call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:9 pool-1-thread-3
Process finished with exit code 0
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三:
采用Java 5的ExecutorService来进行线程池的方式实现多线程,模拟客户端多用户向同一服务器端发送请求。
服务器端:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class MultiThreadServer {
private int port=8821;
private ServerSocket serverSocket;
private ExecutorService executorService;//线程池
private final int POOL_SIZE=10;//单个CPU线程池大小
public MultiThreadServer() throws IOException{
serverSocket=new ServerSocket(port);
//Runtime的availableProcessor()方法返回当前系统的CPU数目.
executorService=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()*POOL_SIZE);
System.out.println("服务器启动");
}
public void service(){
while(true){
Socket socket=null;
try {
//接收客户连接,只要客户进行了连接,就会触发accept();从而建立连接
socket=serverSocket.accept();
executorService.execute(new Handler(socket));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
new MultiThreadServer().service();
}
}
class Handler implements Runnable{
private Socket socket;
public Handler(Socket socket){
this.socket=socket;
}
private PrintWriter getWriter(Socket socket) throws IOException{
OutputStream socketOut=socket.getOutputStream();
return new PrintWriter(socketOut,true);
}
private BufferedReader getReader(Socket socket) throws IOException{
InputStream socketIn=socket.getInputStream();
return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socketIn));
}
public String echo(String msg){
return "echo:"+msg;
}
public void run(){
try {
System.out.println("New connection accepted "+socket.getInetAddress()+":"+socket.getPort());
BufferedReader br=getReader(socket);
PrintWriter pw=getWriter(socket);
String msg=null;
while((msg=br.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(msg);
pw.println(echo(msg));
if(msg.equals("bye"))
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(socket!=null)
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
客户端:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class MultiThreadClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int numTasks = 10;
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < numTasks; i++) {
exec.execute(createTask(i));
}
}
// 定义一个简单的任务
private static Runnable createTask(final int taskID) {
return new Runnable() {
private Socket socket = null;
private int port=8821;
public void run() {
System.out.println("Task " + taskID + ":start");
try {
socket = new Socket("localhost", port);
// 发送关闭命令
OutputStream socketOut = socket.getOutputStream();
socketOut.write("shutdown/r/n".getBytes());
// 接收服务器的反馈
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String msg = null;
while ((msg = br.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(msg);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
}
}