Java线程池ExecutorService

ExecutorService扩展了Executor并添加了一些生命周期管理的方法。一个Executor的生命周期有三种状态运行、关闭和终止。
Executor创建时处于运行状态。当调用ExecutorService.shutdown()后，处于关闭状态，isShutdown()方法返回true。这时，不应该再向Executor中添加任务，所有已添加的任务执行完毕后，Executor处于终止状态，isTerminated()返回true。如果Executor处于关闭状态，往Executor提交任务会抛出unchecked exception RejectedExecutionException。

//返回的线程池中有以一个线程
    ExecutorService  executorService1 = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
//线程池中的线程数量可以自己手动指定
    ExecutorService  executorService2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//创建一个动态扩展的线程池
    ExecutorService  executorService3 = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

//execute(Runable())方法执行线程
ExecutorService  executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);

        List<Runnable>  runnableList = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i = 0;i<6;i++){
            final int  m = i;
            runnableList.add(new Runnable() {

                @Override
                public void run() {

                    for(int n = 0;n<10;n++){
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"      i="+ m +" n="+n);
                    }

                }
            });
        }

        for (Runnable runnable : runnableList) {
            executorService.execute(runnable);
        }


        executorService.shutdown();

//  submit(Callable())执行线程
//Future用来接收线程返回的执行结果
ExecutorService  executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
        int sumAll = 0;
        for(int i = 1;i<=6;i++){
          Future<Integer>   future =    executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

                @Override
                public Integer call() throws Exception {
                    int sum = 0;
                    for(int n = 1;n <=10;n++){
                        sum +=n;
                    }

                    return sum;
                }
            });
          sumAll = sumAll+ future.get();
        }


        System.out.println(sumAll);

        executorService.shutdown();

在使用时，可以创建一个单例模式的工具类来使用。

public class ThreadPoolUtil {
    private static final ExecutorService executorService =  Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    public static ExecutorService getExecutorService(){
        return  executorService;
    }
}