1 蓝牙基本操作
随着可穿戴设备的流行,研究蓝牙是必不可少的一门技术了。
总结了下蓝牙开发使用的一些东西分享一下。
蓝牙权限
首先需要AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加操作蓝牙的权限。<uses-permissionandroid:name="Android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备。
<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备。
BluetoothAdapter
操作蓝牙主要用到的类 BluetoothAdapter类,使用时导包
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
源码具体位置frameworks/base/core/Java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothAdapter.java
BluetoothAdapter 代表本地设备的蓝牙适配器。该BluetoothAdapter可以执行基本的蓝牙任务,例如启
动设备发现,查询配对的设备列表,使用已知的MAC地址实例化一个BluetoothDevice类,并创建一个
BluetoothServerSocket监听来自其他设备的连接请求。
获取蓝牙适配器
- BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
开启蓝牙
- if(!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){
- //弹出对话框提示用户是后打开
- Intent enabler = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
- startActivityForResult(enabler, REQUEST_ENABLE);
- //不做提示,直接打开,不建议用下面的方法,有的手机会有问题。
- // mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
- }
if(!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){
//弹出对话框提示用户是后打开
Intent enabler = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enabler, REQUEST_ENABLE);
//不做提示,直接打开,不建议用下面的方法,有的手机会有问题。
// mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
}
获取本地蓝牙信息
- //获取本机蓝牙名称
- String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName();
- //获取本机蓝牙地址
- String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();
- Log.d(TAG,"bluetooth name ="+name+" address ="+address);
- //获取已配对蓝牙设备
- Set<BluetoothDevice> devices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
- Log.d(TAG, "bonded device size ="+devices.size());
- for(BluetoothDevice bonddevice:devices){
- Log.d(TAG, "bonded device name ="+bonddevice.getName()+" address"+bonddevice.getAddress());
- }
//获取本机蓝牙名称
String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName();
//获取本机蓝牙地址
String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();
Log.d(TAG,"bluetooth name ="+name+" address ="+address);
//获取已配对蓝牙设备
Set<BluetoothDevice> devices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
Log.d(TAG, "bonded device size ="+devices.size());
for(BluetoothDevice bonddevice:devices){
Log.d(TAG, "bonded device name ="+bonddevice.getName()+" address"+bonddevice.getAddress());
}
搜索设备
mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
停止搜索
mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
搜索蓝牙设备,该过程是异步的,通过下面注册广播接受者,可以监听是否搜到设备。
- IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
- //发现设备
- filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
- //设备连接状态改变
- filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
- //蓝牙设备状态改变
- filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
- registerReceiver(mBluetoothReceiver, filter);
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
//发现设备
filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
//设备连接状态改变
filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
//蓝牙设备状态改变
filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(mBluetoothReceiver, filter);
监听扫描结果
通过广播接收者查看扫描到的蓝牙设备,每扫描到一个设备,系统都会发送此广播(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUNDE)。其中参数intent可以获取蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice。
- private BroadcastReceiver mBluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- String action = intent.getAction();
- Log.d(TAG,"mBluetoothReceiver action ="+action);
- if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)){//每扫描到一个设备,系统都会发送此广播。
- //获取蓝牙设备
- BluetoothDevice scanDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
- if(scanDevice == null || scanDevice.getName() == null) return;
- Log.d(TAG, "name="+scanDevice.getName()+"address="+scanDevice.getAddress());
- //蓝牙设备名称
- String name = scanDevice.getName();
- if(name != null && name.equals(VnApplication.BLUETOOTH_NAME)){
- mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
- //取消扫描
- mProgressDialog.setTitle(getResources().getString(R.string.progress_connecting)); //连接到设备。
- mBlthChatUtil.connect(scanDevice);
- }
- }else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)){
- }
- }
- };
private BroadcastReceiver mBluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
Log.d(TAG,"mBluetoothReceiver action ="+action);
if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)){//每扫描到一个设备,系统都会发送此广播。
//获取蓝牙设备
BluetoothDevice scanDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
if(scanDevice == null || scanDevice.getName() == null) return;
Log.d(TAG, "name="+scanDevice.getName()+"address="+scanDevice.getAddress());
//蓝牙设备名称
String name = scanDevice.getName();
if(name != null && name.equals(VnApplication.BLUETOOTH_NAME)){
mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
//取消扫描
mProgressDialog.setTitle(getResources().getString(R.string.progress_connecting)); //连接到设备。
mBlthChatUtil.connect(scanDevice);
}
}else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)){
}
}
};
设置蓝牙可见性
有时候扫描不到某设备,这是因为该设备对外不可见或者距离远,需要设备该蓝牙可见,这样该才能被搜索到。
可见时间默认值为120s,最多可设置300。
- if (mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
- if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() !=
- BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) {
- Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(
- BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
- discoverableIntent.putExtra(
- BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 120);
- startActivity(discoverableIntent);
- }
- }
if (mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() !=
BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) {
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(
BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoverableIntent.putExtra(
BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 120);
startActivity(discoverableIntent);
}
}
2 服务端
android 蓝牙之间可以通过SDP协议建立连接进行通信,通信方式类似于平常使用socket。
首先创建BluetoothServerSocket ,BluetoothAdapter中提供了两种创建BluetoothServerSocket 方式,如下图所示为创建安全的RFCOMM Bluetooth socket,该连接是安全的需要进行配对。而通过listenUsingInsecureRfcommWithServiceRecord创建的RFCOMM Bluetooth socket是不安全的,连接时不需要进行配对。
其中的uuid需要服务器端和客户端进行统一。
- private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
- // 本地服务器套接字
- private final BluetoothServerSocket mServerSocket;
- public AcceptThread() {
- BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
- // 创建一个新的侦听服务器套接字
- try {
- tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(
- SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_UUID);
- //tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingInsecureRfcommWithServiceRecord(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_UUID);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "listen() failed", e);
- }
- mServerSocket = tmp;
- }
- public void run() {
- BluetoothSocket socket = null;
- // 循环,直到连接成功
- while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
- try {
- // 这是一个阻塞调用 返回成功的连接
- // mServerSocket.close()在另一个线程中调用,可以中止该阻塞
- socket = mServerSocket.accept();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "accept() failed", e);
- break;
- }
- // 如果连接被接受
- if (socket != null) {
- synchronized (BluetoothChatUtil.this) {
- switch (mState) {
- case STATE_LISTEN:
- case STATE_CONNECTING:
- // 正常情况。启动ConnectedThread。
- connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());
- break;
- case STATE_NONE:
- case STATE_CONNECTED:
- // 没有准备或已连接。新连接终止。
- try {
- socket.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Could not close unwanted socket", e);
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- if (D) Log.i(TAG, "END mAcceptThread");
- }
- public void cancel() {
- if (D) Log.d(TAG, "cancel " + this);
- try {
- mServerSocket.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "close() of server failed", e);
- }
- }
- }
private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
// 本地服务器套接字
private final BluetoothServerSocket mServerSocket;
public AcceptThread() {
BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
// 创建一个新的侦听服务器套接字
try {
tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(
SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_UUID);
//tmp = mAdapter.listenUsingInsecureRfcommWithServiceRecord(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "listen() failed", e);
}
mServerSocket = tmp;
}
public void run() {
BluetoothSocket socket = null;
// 循环,直到连接成功
while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) {
try {
// 这是一个阻塞调用 返回成功的连接
// mServerSocket.close()在另一个线程中调用,可以中止该阻塞
socket = mServerSocket.accept();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "accept() failed", e);
break;
}
// 如果连接被接受
if (socket != null) {
synchronized (BluetoothChatUtil.this) {
switch (mState) {
case STATE_LISTEN:
case STATE_CONNECTING:
// 正常情况。启动ConnectedThread。
connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice());
break;
case STATE_NONE:
case STATE_CONNECTED:
// 没有准备或已连接。新连接终止。
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not close unwanted socket", e);
}
break;
}
}
}
}
if (D) Log.i(TAG, "END mAcceptThread");
}
public void cancel() {
if (D) Log.d(TAG, "cancel " + this);
try {
mServerSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "close() of server failed", e);
}
}
}
mServerSocket通过accept()等待客户端的连接(阻塞),直到连接成功或失败。
3 客户端
客户端主要用来创建RFCOMM socket,并连接服务端。
先扫描周围的蓝牙设备,如果扫描到指定设备则进行连接。mBlthChatUtil.connect(scanDevice)连接到设备,
连接过程主要在ConnectThread线程中进行,先创建socket,方式有两种,
如下代码中是安全的(createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord)。另一种不安全连接对应的函数是createInsecureRfcommSocketToServiceRecord。
- private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
- private BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
- private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;
- public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
- mmDevice = device;
- BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
- // 得到一个bluetoothsocket
- try {
- mmSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord
- (SERVICE_UUID);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "create() failed", e);
- mmSocket = null;
- }
- }
- public void run() {
- Log.i(TAG, "BEGIN mConnectThread");
- try {
- // socket 连接,该调用会阻塞,直到连接成功或失败
- mmSocket.connect();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- connectionFailed();
- try {//关闭这个socket
- mmSocket.close();
- } catch (IOException e2) {
- e2.printStackTrace();
- }
- return;
- }
- // 启动连接线程
- connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);
- }
- public void cancel() {
- try {
- mmSocket.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "close() of connect socket failed", e);
- }
- }
- }
private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
private BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;
public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
mmDevice = device;
BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
// 得到一个bluetoothsocket
try {
mmSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord
(SERVICE_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "create() failed", e);
mmSocket = null;
}
}
public void run() {
Log.i(TAG, "BEGIN mConnectThread");
try {
// socket 连接,该调用会阻塞,直到连接成功或失败
mmSocket.connect();
} catch (IOException e) {
connectionFailed();
try {//关闭这个socket
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
return;
}
// 启动连接线程
connected(mmSocket, mmDevice);
}
public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "close() of connect socket failed", e);
}
}
}
接着客户端socket主动连接服务端。连接过程中会自动进行配对,需要双方同意才可以连接成功。
4 数据传输
客户端与服务端连接成功后都会调用connected(mmSocket, mmDevice),创建一个ConnectedThread线程()。
该线程主要用来接收和发送数据。客户端和服务端处理方式一样。该线程通过socket获得输入输出流。
private InputStream mmInStream = socket.getInputStream();
private OutputStream mmOutStream =socket.getOutputStream();
发送数据
- public void write(byte[] buffer) {
- try {
- mmOutStream.write(buffer);
- // 分享发送的信息到Activity
- mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer)
- .sendToTarget();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Exception during write", e);
- }
- }
public void write(byte[] buffer) {
try {
mmOutStream.write(buffer);
// 分享发送的信息到Activity
mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer)
.sendToTarget();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Exception during write", e);
}
}
接收数据
线程循环进行接收数据。
- public void run() {
- // 监听输入流
- while (true) {
- try {
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- // 读取输入流
- int bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
- // 发送获得的字节的ui activity
- Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ);
- Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
- bundle.putByteArray(READ_MSG, buffer);
- msg.setData(bundle);
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "disconnected", e);
- connectionLost();
- break;
- }
- }
- }
public void run() {
// 监听输入流
while (true) {
try {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// 读取输入流
int bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
// 发送获得的字节的ui activity
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putByteArray(READ_MSG, buffer);
msg.setData(bundle);
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "disconnected", e);
connectionLost();
break;
}
}
}
demo下载:http://download.csdn.net/download/vnanyesheshou/9817303
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/vnanyesheshou/article/details/51554852 极力推荐!