STATUS NAME ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/CONTROL01.CTL D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/CONTROL02.CTL D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/CONTROL03.CTL 联机日志: SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS MEMBER ---------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 STALE D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO01.LOG 2 D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO02.LOG 3 STALE D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO03.LOG 2.2 数据库备份脚本 冷备份脚本 rem script:coldbak.sql rem creater:chenjiping rem date:5.8.2003 rem descffline full backup database
数据库OS热全备份脚本 rem script:hotbak.sql rem creater:chenjiping rem date:5.8.2003 rem desc:backup all database datafile in archive
--connect database connect internal/password;
--archive alter system archive log current; --start
alter tablespace system begin backup; !xcopy d:/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf d:/databak/H/R; alter tablespace system end backup;
alter tablespace rbs begin backup; !xcopy d:/oracle/oradata/test/rbs01.dbf d:/databak/H/R; alter tablespace rbs end backup;
alter tablespace users begin backup; !xcopy d:/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf d:/databak/H/R; alter tablespace users end backup;
alter tablespace tools begin backup; !xcopy d:/oracle/oradata/test/tools01.dbf d:/databak/H/R; alter tablespace tools end backup;
alter tablespace indx begin backup; !xcopy d:/oracle/oradata/test/indx01.dbf d:/databak/H/R; alter tablespace indx end backup; --end
--bak control file --binary alter database backup controlfile to 'd:/databak/controlbinbak.000'; --ascii alter database backup controlfile to trace;
alter system archive log current; 说明: 1、热备份必须在数据库归档方式下才可以运行 2、以上脚本可以在数据库运行状态下备份数据库所有的数据文件(除了临时数据文件),没有必要备份联机日志。 3、归档日志至少需要一次完整备份之后的所有日志。 4、如果以上命令没有成功依次执行,那么备份也是无效的,如连接数据库不成功,那么备份则无效
RMAN备份只讲叙有恢复目录的情况,如果没有恢复目录,情形大致相似。以下是RMAN的热备份全备份的脚本: # script:bakup.rcv # creater:chenjiping # date:5.8.2003 # desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman
# start backup database run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:/backup/full%u_%s_%p' database include current controlfile; sql 'alter system archive log current'; release channel c1; } # end
Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 3 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 3: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USERS01.DBF'
在报警文件中,会有更详细的信息 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 3 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 3: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USERS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
3、继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
脱机数据文件 SQL> alter database datafile 3 offline drop; Database altered.
6、打开数据库,拷贝备份回来(restore),恢复(recover)该数据文件,并联机 SQL> alter database open; Database altered. 拷贝备份从备份处 copy d:/databak/ users01.dbf d:/oracle/oradata/test; 恢复该数据文件 SQL> recover datafile 3; ORA-00279: change 1053698 generated at 05/07/2003 17:51:26 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00304.ARC ORA-00280: change 1053698 for thread 1 is in sequence #304
Specify log: {
=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} AUTO ORA-00279: change 1053701 generated at 05/07/2003 17:51:39 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00305.ARC ORA-00280: change 1053701 for thread 1 is in sequence #305 ORA-00278: log file 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00304.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
Log applied. Media recovery complete. 恢复成功,联机该数据文件 SQL> alter database datafile 3 online; Database altered.
7、检查数据库的数据(完全恢复) SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 说明: 1、采用热备份,需要运行在归档模式下,可以实现数据库的完全恢复,也就是说,从备份后到数据库崩溃时的数据都不会丢失。 2、可以采用全备份数据库的方式备份,对于特殊情况,也可以只备份特定的数据文件,如只备份用户表空间(一般情况下对于某些写特别频繁的数据文件,可以单独加大备份频率) 3、如果在恢复过程中,发现损坏的是多个数据文件,即可以采用一个一个数据文件的恢复方法(第5步中需要对数据文件一一脱机,第6步中需要对数据文件分别恢复),也可以采用整个数据库的恢复方法。 4、如果是系统表空间的损坏,不能采用此方法
4.2.2 RMAN备份方案 RMAN也可以进行联机备份,而且备份与恢复方法将比OS备份更简单可靠。 1、连接数据库,创建测试表并插入记录 SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003 (c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int) tablespace users; Table created SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
2、备份数据库表空间users C:/>rman Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN> connect target internal/virpure RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)
RMAN> run{ 2> allocate channel c1 type disk; 3> backup tag 'tsuser' format 'd:/backup/tsuser_%u_%s_%p' 4> tablespace users; 5> release channel c1; 6> }
3、继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL>r 1* alter system switch logfile; System altered.
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4.3丢失多个数据文件,实现整个数据库的恢复 4.3.1 OS备份方案 OS备份归档模式下损坏(丢失)多个数据文件,进行整个数据库的恢复 1、连接数据库,创建测试表并插入记录 SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003 (c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int); Table created SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
3、继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
5、启动数据库,检查错误 SQL> STARTUP ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF'
详细信息可以查看报警文件 ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN... Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 2: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/RBS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 5: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump/testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
通过查询v$recover_file可以看到 SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 有四个数据文件需要恢复
Recover过程: SQL> recover database; ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/2003 08:58:35 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00311.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073849 for thread 1 is in sequence #311
Specify log: {
=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} auto ORA-00279: change 1073856 generated at 05/08/2003 09:03:27 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00312.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073856 for thread 1 is in sequence #312 ORA-00278: log file 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00311.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073858 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:43 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00313.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073858 for thread 1 is in sequence #313 ORA-00278: log file 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00312.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073870 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:46 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00314.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073870 for thread 1 is in sequence #314 ORA-00278: log file 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00313.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery
Log applied. Media recovery complete.
7、打开数据库,检查数据库的数据(完全恢复) SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2
3、继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
5、启动数据库,检查错误 SQL> STARTUP ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF'
查询v$recover_file SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 可以知道有四个数据文件需要恢复
3、删除测试表,假定删除前的时间为T1,在删除之前,便于测试,继续插入数据并应用到归档。 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; Statement processed. SQL> alter system switch logfile; Statement processed.
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual; TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY ------------------- 2003-05-21 14:43:01 SQL> drop table test; Table dropped.
6、启动到mount下 SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted.
7、开始不完全恢复数据库到T1时间 SQL> recover database until time '2003-05-21:14:43:01'; ORA-00279: change 30944 generated at 05/21/2003 14:40:06 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00191.ARC ORA-00280: change 30944 for thread 1 is in sequence #191
Specify log: {
=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} auto Log applied. Media recovery complete. 8、打开数据库,检查数据 SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered. SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2
4.4.2 RMAN备份下的基于改变的恢复 以上用OS备份说明了一个基于时间的恢复,现在用RMAN说明一个基于改变的恢复 1、连接数据库,创建测试表并插入记录 SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003 (c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected. SQL> create table test(a int); Table created SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
2、备份数据库 C:/>rman Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN> connect target internal/virpure RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=874705288)
RMAN> run{ 2> allocate channel c1 type disk; 3> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:/backup/full%u_%s_%p' database 4> include current controlfile; 5> sql 'alter system archive log current'; 6> release channel c1; 7> }
3、删除测试表,在删除之前,便于测试,继续插入数据并应用到归档,并获取删除前的scn号。 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; Statement processed. SQL> alter system switch logfile; Statement processed.
SQL> select max(ktuxescnw * power(2, 32) + ktuxescnb) scn from x$ktuxe; SCN ---------- 31014 SQL> drop table test; Table dropped.
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1 RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=10 devtype=DISK RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore RMAN-08502: set_count=1 set_stamp=494613682 creation_time=21-MAY-03 RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/RBS01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USERS01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TEMP01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1 RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:/BACKUP/FULL01ENMD5I_1_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1) RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2) RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3) RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3) RMAN-08054: starting media recovery RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4) RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 191 is already on disk as file D:/ORACL E/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00191.ARC RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 192 is already on disk as file D:/ORACL E/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00192.ARC RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4) RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00191.AR C thread=1 sequence=191 RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/ARCHIVE/TESTT001S00192.AR C thread=1 sequence=192 RMAN-08055: media recovery complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql RMAN-06162: sql statement: ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS RMAN-03023: executing command: sql RMAN-03022: compiling command: release RMAN-03023: executing command: release RMAN-08031: released channel: c1
6、检查数据 Database altered. SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 可以看到,表依然存在
说明: 1、RMAN也可以实现不完全恢复,方法比OS备份恢复的方法更简单可靠 2、RMAN可以基于时间,基于改变与基于日志序列的不完全恢复,基于日志序列的恢复可以指定恢复到哪个日志序列,如 run { allocate channel ch1 type disk; allocate channel ch2 type 'sbt_tape'; set until logseq 1234 thread 1; restore controlfile to '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/cf1.f' ; replicate controlfile from '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/cf1.f'; alter database mount; restore database; recover database; sql "ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS"; } 3、与所有的不完全恢复一样,必须在mount下,restore所有备份数据文件,需要resetlogs 4、基于改变的恢复比基于时间的恢复更可靠,但是可能也更复杂,需要知道需要恢复到哪一个改变号(SCN),在正常生产中,获取SCN的办法其实也有很多,如查询数据库字典表(V$archived_log or v$log_history),或分析归档与联机日志(logmnr)等。
__________________ if not now,when? if not me,who?
注册日期: 2003 Feb 来自: 西子湖畔 技术贴数:4794 精华贴数:14 论坛积分:81184 论坛排名:38 论坛徽章:29
第五章 其它恢复案例 5.1 损坏联机日志的恢复方法 5.1.1 损坏非当前联机日志 大家都清楚,联机日志分为当前联机日志和非当前联机日志,非当前联机日志的损坏是比较简单的,一般通过clear命令就可以解决问题。 1、启动数据库,遇到ORA-00312 or ORA-00313错误,如 ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1 ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO01.LOG' 从这里我们知道日志组1的数据文件损坏了 从报警文件可以看到更详细的信息 2、查看V$log视图 SQL> select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# ARCHIVED STATUS ---------- ---------- -------- ---------------- 1 1 YES INACTIVE 2 2 YES INACTIVE 3 3 NO CURRENT 可以知道,该组是非当前状态,而且已经归档。 3、用CLEAR命令重建该日志文件 SQL>alter database clear logfile group 1; 如果是该日志组还没有归档,则需要用 SQL>alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1; 4、打开数据库,重新备份数据库 SQL>alter database open; 说明: 1、如果损坏的是非当前的联机日志文件,一般只需要clear就可以重建该日志文件,但是如果该数据库处于归档状态但该日志还没有归档,就需要强行clear。 2、建议clear,特别是强行clear后作一次数据库的全备份。 3、此方法适用于归档与非归档数据库
5.1.2 损坏当前联机日志 归档模式下当前日志的损坏有两种情况, 一、是数据库是正常关闭,日志文件中没有未决的事务需要实例恢复,当前日志组的损坏就可以直接用alter database clear unarchived logfile group n来重建。 二、是日志组中有活动的事务,数据库需要媒体恢复,日志组需要用来同步,有两种补救办法 A. 最好的办法就是通过不完全恢复,可以保证数据库的一致性,但是这种办法要求在归档方式下,并且有可用的备份 B. 通过强制性恢复,但是可能导致数据库不一致。 下面分别用来说明这两种恢复方法 5.1.2.1 通过备份来恢复 1、打开数据库,会遇到一个类似的错误 ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1 ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO01.LOG' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件
2、查看V$log,发现是当前日志 SQL> select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# ARCHIVED STATUS ---------- ---------- -------- ---------------- 1 1 NO CURRENT 2 2 YES INACTIVE 3 3 YES INACTIVE
3、发现clear不成功 SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1; alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01624: log 1 needed for crash recovery of thread 1 ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO01.LOG'
4、拷贝有效的数据库的全备份,并不完全恢复数据库 可以采用获取最近的SCN的办法用until scn恢复或用until cnacel恢复 recover database until cancel 先选择auto,尽量恢复可以利用的归档日志,然后重新 recover database until cancel 这次输入cancel,完成不完全恢复,也就是说恢复两次。 如: SQL> recover database until cancel; Auto …… SQL> recover database until cancel; Cancel; 5、利用alter database open resetlogs打开数据库 说明: 1、这种办法恢复的数据库是一致的不完全恢复,会丢失当前联机日志中的事务数据 2、这种方法适合于归档数据库并且有可用的数据库全备份。 3、恢复成功之后,记得再做一次数据库的全备份。 4、建议联机日志文件一定要实现镜相在不同的磁盘上,避免这种情况的发生,因为任何数据的丢失对于生产来说都是不容许的。
5.1.2.2 如果没有备份,进行强制性恢复 1、打开数据库,会遇到一个类似的错误 ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1 ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO01.LOG' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件
2、查看V$log,发现是当前日志 SQL> select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# ARCHIVED STATUS ---------- ---------- -------- ---------------- 1 1 NO CURRENT 2 2 YES INACTIVE 3 3 YES INACTIVE
3、发现clear不成功 SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1; alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01624: log 1 needed for crash recovery of thread 1 ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO01.LOG'
注册日期: 2003 Feb 来自: 西子湖畔 技术贴数:4794 精华贴数:14 论坛积分:81184 论坛排名:38 论坛徽章:29
5.2 损坏控制文件的恢复方法 5.2.1 损坏单个控制文件 损坏单个控制文件是比较容易恢复的,因为一般的数据库系统,控制文件都不是一个,而且所有的控制文件都互为镜相,只要拷贝一个好的控制文件替换坏的控制文件就可以了。 1、控制文件损坏,最典型的就是启动数据库出错,不能mount数据库 SQL>startup ORA-00205: error in identifying controlfile, check alert log for more info 查看报警日志文件,有如下信息 alter database mount Mon May 26 11:59:52 2003 ORA-00202: controlfile: 'D:/Oracle/oradata/chen/control01.ctl' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
4、重新启动数据 SQL>startup 说明: 1、损失单个控制文件是比较简单的,因为数据库中所有的控制文件都是镜相的,只需要简单的拷贝一个好的就可以了 2、建议镜相控制文件在不同的磁盘上 3、建议多做控制文件的备份,长期保留一份由alter database backup control file to trace产生的控制文件的文本备份
5.2.2 损坏全部控制文件 损坏多个控制文件,或者人为的删除了所有的控制文件,通过控制文件的复制已经不能解决问题,这个时候需要重新建立控制文件。 同时注意,alter database backup control file to trace可以产生一个控制文件的文本备份。 以下是详细重新创建控制文件的步骤 1、关闭数据库 SQL>shutdown immediate; 2、删除所有控制文件,模拟控制文件的丢失
3、启动数据库,出现错误,并不能启动到mount下 SQL>startup ORA-00205: error in identifying controlfile, check alert log for more info 查看报警日志文件,有如下信息 alter database mount Mon May 26 11:53:15 2003 ORA-00202: controlfile: 'D:/Oracle/oradata/chen/control01.ctl' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
4、关闭数据库 SQL>shutdown immediate;
5、在internal或sys下运行如下创建控制文件的脚本,注意完整列出联机日志或数据文件的路径,或修改由alter database backup control file to trace备份控制文件时产生的脚本,去掉多余的注释即可。 STARTUP NOMOUNT CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "TEST" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 32 MAXLOGMEMBERS 2 MAXDATAFILES 254 MAXINSTANCES 1 MAXLOGHISTORY 226 LOGFILE GROUP 1 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO01.LOG' SIZE 1M, GROUP 2 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO02.LOG' SIZE 1M, GROUP 3 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/REDO03.LOG' SIZE 1M DATAFILE 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF', 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/RBS01.DBF', 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/USERS01.DBF', 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TEMP01.DBF', 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF', 'D:/ORACLE/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF' CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups, -- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate. RECOVER DATABASE --if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate --noarchive -- RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL CANCELUSING BACKUP CONTROLFILE --archive -- RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE UNTIL CANCEL -- Database can now be opened normally. ALTER DATABASE OPEN; --if recover database until cancel --ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS; 6、如果没有错误,数据库将启动到open状态下。
12、SQL>select segment_name,tablespace_name,status from dba_rollback_segs; SEGMENT_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS ------------------------------ ------ ------------------------------------ SYSTEM SYSTEM ONLINE
13、SQL>drop tablespace rbs including contents; 表空间已丢弃。