备忘录模式

备忘录模式：在不破坏封装前提条件下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，在对象之外，保存状态，以便在适当的时候恢复对象，
应用实例：
 1、玩游戏时的存档
 2、Command + z
example：
Originator 发起请求将需要保存的信息保存到Memento(备忘录)中，然后将对象提交到Caretaker实例保管

类图：

 

具体实现：

#import <iostream>
#import <string>
#import <vector>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
//真正保存对象状态的类（备忘录）
class Memento{
private:
    std::string     _state;
public:
    Memento(std::string state){
        _state = state;
    }
    std::string getState(){
        return _state;
    }
};

//原发器构造将状态保存到备忘录中
class Originator{
public:
    Memento* saveStateToMemento(std::string state){
        return new Memento(state);
    }
    std::string getStateFromMemento(Memento* memento){
        return memento -> getState();
    }
};

//看管人负责将备忘录放到安全之处保管,目前放到vector
class CareTaker{
private:
    std::vector<Memento*>    _vector;
public:
    //保存备忘录
    void add(Memento* memento){
        _vector.push_back(memento);
    }
    //获取备忘录
    Memento* get(int index){
        if (index >= _vector.size()){
            return NULL;
        }
        return _vector.at(index);
    }
};

//client 充当客户端
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    
    // insert code here...
    CareTaker* taker = new CareTaker();
    Originator* orginator = new Originator();
    taker -> add(orginator -> saveStateToMemento("state1"));
    taker -> add(orginator -> saveStateToMemento("state2"));
    taker -> add(orginator -> saveStateToMemento("state3"));
    taker -> add(orginator -> saveStateToMemento("state4"));
    std::cout << "获取第四次保存的状态：" << orginator -> getStateFromMemento(taker -> get(3)) << std::endl;
    
    //Objective-C:
    //对应iOS 归档，接档，属性列表序列化和核心数据中
    Person* person = [Person new];
    person.age = 23;
    person.name = @"123";
    NSData* data = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:person requiringSecureCoding:YES error:nil];
    NSError* error;
    Person* unarchivePerson = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchivedObjectOfClass:[Person class] fromData:data error:&error];
    NSLog(@"Objective-C 解档后的数据 name:%@,age:%d",unarchivePerson.name,unarchivePerson.age);
    return 0;
}

Person.h:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface Person : NSObject<NSCoding,NSSecureCoding>

@property(nonatomic,assign) int age;

@property(nonatomic,copy) NSString* name;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

Person.mm:

#import "Person.h"
@interface Person()

@end
@implementation Person

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder{
    [coder encodeInt:_age forKey:@"age"];
    [coder encodeObject:_name forKey:@"name"];
}

- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _age = [coder decodeIntForKey:@"age"];
        _name = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
    }
    return self;
}

+ (BOOL)supportsSecureCoding{
    return YES;
}
@end

 

输出结果：