urllib python3 翻译

Help on module urllib.request in urllib:


NAME
    urllib.request - An extensible library for opening URLs using a variety of protocols


DESCRIPTION
    The simplest way to use this module is to call the urlopen function,
    which accepts a string containing a URL or a Request object (described
    below).  It opens the URL and returns the results as file-like
    object; the returned object has some extra methods described below.
 最简单的方法就是使用urlopen函数，它接收一个url或者请求，然后打开url，返回其内容。   
    The OpenerDirector manages a collection of Handler objects that do
    all the actual work.  Each Handler implements a particular protocol or
    option.  The OpenerDirector is a composite object that invokes the
    Handlers needed to open the requested URL.  For example, the
    HTTPHandler performs HTTP GET and POST requests and deals with
    non-error returns.  The HTTPRedirectHandler automatically deals with
    HTTP 301, 302, 303 and 307 redirect errors, and the HTTPDigestAuthHandler
    deals with digest authentication.
    openerdirector（向导）管理handler objects（处理指令）的集合，而handler objects则是做所有工作的东西。每个handler都执行一个专门的命令，而openerdirector则类似于一个指令集。比如HTTP处理器（下文handler翻译为处理器）执行http get和post请求，并处理未出现错误的返回结果。http Redirect处理器则处理HTTP 301,302,303，和307的redirect 错误，而http digestauth处理器则处理digest authentication（这是什么？见http://blog.csdn.net/gl1987807/article/details/6090811，类似于加密方式）
    urlopen(url, data=None) -- Basic usage is the same as original
    urllib.  pass the url and optionally data to post to an HTTP URL, and
    get a file-like object back.  One difference is that you can also pass
    a Request instance instead of URL.  Raises a URLError (subclass of
    OSError); for HTTP errors, raises an HTTPError, which can also be
    treated as a valid response.
   urlopen是最简单的，传入一个url和可选的data值，返回一个像文件一样的东西回来。当然也可以传入一个request instance来代替url，同时也可以产生一个error作为返回值。
    build_opener -- Function that creates a new OpenerDirector instance.
    Will install the default handlers.  Accepts one or more Handlers as
    arguments, either instances or Handler classes that it will
    instantiate.  If one of the argument is a subclass of the default
    handler, the argument will be installed instead of the default.
   build_opener是产生一个openerdirector实例的函数， 接收1或多个handler作为参数，无论是实例还是handler类都可接受，然后传入的新参数会替代原来的默认参数。
    install_opener -- Installs a new opener as the default opener.
    这个可以装载一个新的opener作为默认opener
    objects of interest:
    
    OpenerDirector -- Sets up the User Agent as the Python-urllib client and manages
    the Handler classes, while dealing with requests and responses.
    
    Request -- An object that encapsulates the state of a request.  The
    state can be as simple as the URL.  It can also include extra HTTP
    headers, e.g. a User-Agent.
    请求：用于封装一系列用户的请求，既可以是url，也可以包括额外的http headers，比如user-agent
    BaseHandler --
    一些基础的hanlder
    internals:
    BaseHandler and parent
    _call_chain conventions
    
    Example usage:
    
    import urllib.request
    
    # set up authentication info
    authinfo = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler()
    authinfo.add_password(realm='PDQ Application',
                          uri='https://mahler:8092/site-updates.py',
                          user='klem',
                          passwd='geheim$parole')

 建立一个认证机制，将authinfo定义为一个httpBasicAuthHandler，

给authinfo增加password项   

    proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"http" : "http://ahad-haam:3128"})
    
    # build a new opener that adds authentication and caching FTP handlers
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support, authinfo,
                                         urllib.request.CacheFTPHandler)
 新建一个添加了认证和caching FTP处理器的opener   
    # install it
    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
    
    f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
装载它到opener，并赋给f。

CLASSES
    builtins.object
        AbstractBasicAuthHandler
            HTTPBasicAuthHandler(AbstractBasicAuthHandler, BaseHandler)
            ProxyBasicAuthHandler(AbstractBasicAuthHandler, BaseHandler)
        AbstractDigestAuthHandler
        BaseHandler
            DataHandler
            FTPHandler
                CacheFTPHandler
            FileHandler
            HTTPCookieProcessor
            HTTPDefaultErrorHandler
            HTTPDigestAuthHandler(BaseHandler, AbstractDigestAuthHandler)
            HTTPErrorProcessor
            HTTPRedirectHandler
            ProxyDigestAuthHandler(BaseHandler, AbstractDigestAuthHandler)
            ProxyHandler
            UnknownHandler
        HTTPPasswordMgr
            HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm
                HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth
        OpenerDirector
        Request
        URLopener
            FancyURLopener
    AbstractHTTPHandler(BaseHandler)
        HTTPHandler
        HTTPSHandler
    
    class AbstractBasicAuthHandler(builtins.object)
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, password_mgr=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  http_error_auth_reqed(self, authreq, host, req, headers)
     |  
     |  http_request(self, req)
     |  
     |  http_response(self, req, response)
     |  
     |  https_request = http_request(self, req)
     |  
     |  https_response = http_response(self, req, response)
     |  
     |  retry_http_basic_auth(self, host, req, realm)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  rx = re.compile('(?:.*,)*[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm=(["\']?)([^"\']*)\...
    
    class AbstractDigestAuthHandler(builtins.object)
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, passwd=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  get_algorithm_impls(self, algorithm)
     |  
     |  get_authorization(self, req, chal)
     |  
     |  get_cnonce(self, nonce)
     |  
     |  get_entity_digest(self, data, chal)
     |  
     |  http_error_auth_reqed(self, auth_header, host, req, headers)
     |  
     |  reset_retry_count(self)
     |  
     |  retry_http_digest_auth(self, req, auth)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
    
    class BaseHandler(builtins.object)
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class CacheFTPHandler(FTPHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      CacheFTPHandler
     |      FTPHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  check_cache(self)
     |  
     |  clear_cache(self)
     |  
     |  connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout)
     |  
     |  setMaxConns(self, m)
     |  
     |  setTimeout(self, t)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from FTPHandler:
     |  
     |  ftp_open(self, req)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class DataHandler(BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      DataHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  data_open(self, req)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class FTPHandler(BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      FTPHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout)
     |  
     |  ftp_open(self, req)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class FancyURLopener(URLopener)
     |  Derived class with handlers for errors we can handle (perhaps).
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      FancyURLopener
     |      URLopener
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  get_user_passwd(self, host, realm, clear_cache=0)
     |  
     |  http_error_301(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None)
     |      Error 301 -- also relocated (permanently).
     |  
     |  http_error_302(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None)
     |      Error 302 -- relocated (temporarily).
     |  
     |  http_error_303(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None)
     |      Error 303 -- also relocated (essentially identical to 302).
     |  
     |  http_error_307(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None)
     |      Error 307 -- relocated, but turn POST into error.
     |  
     |  http_error_401(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None, retry=False)
     |      Error 401 -- authentication required.
     |      This function supports Basic authentication only.
     |  
     |  http_error_407(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None, retry=False)
     |      Error 407 -- proxy authentication required.
     |      This function supports Basic authentication only.
     |  
     |  http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
     |      Default error handling -- don't raise an exception.
     |  
     |  prompt_user_passwd(self, host, realm)
     |      Override this in a GUI environment!
     |  
     |  redirect_internal(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
     |  
     |  retry_http_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None)
     |  
     |  retry_https_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None)
     |  
     |  retry_proxy_http_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None)
     |  
     |  retry_proxy_https_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from URLopener:
     |  
     |  __del__(self)
     |  
     |  addheader(self, *args)
     |      Add a header to be used by the HTTP interface only
     |      e.g. u.addheader('Accept', 'sound/basic')
     |  
     |  cleanup(self)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  http_error(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None)
     |      Handle http errors.
     |      
     |      Derived class can override this, or provide specific handlers
     |      named http_error_DDD where DDD is the 3-digit error code.
     |  
     |  open(self, fullurl, data=None)
     |      Use URLopener().open(file) instead of open(file, 'r').
     |  
     |  open_data(self, url, data=None)
     |      Use "data" URL.
     |  
     |  open_file(self, url)
     |      Use local file or FTP depending on form of URL.
     |  
     |  open_ftp(self, url)
     |      Use FTP protocol.
     |  
     |  open_http(self, url, data=None)
     |      Use HTTP protocol.
     |  
     |  open_https(self, url, data=None)
     |      Use HTTPS protocol.
     |  
     |  open_local_file(self, url)
     |      Use local file.
     |  
     |  open_unknown(self, fullurl, data=None)
     |      Overridable interface to open unknown URL type.
     |  
     |  open_unknown_proxy(self, proxy, fullurl, data=None)
     |      Overridable interface to open unknown URL type.
     |  
     |  retrieve(self, url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None)
     |      retrieve(url) returns (filename, headers) for a local object
     |      or (tempfilename, headers) for a remote object.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from URLopener:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from URLopener:
     |  
     |  version = 'Python-urllib/3.5'
    
    class FileHandler(BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      FileHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  file_open(self, req)
     |      # Use local file or FTP depending on form of URL
     |  
     |  get_names(self)
     |  
     |  open_local_file(self, req)
     |      # not entirely sure what the rules are here
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  names = None
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class HTTPBasicAuthHandler(AbstractBasicAuthHandler, BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPBasicAuthHandler
     |      AbstractBasicAuthHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  http_error_401(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  auth_header = 'Authorization'
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from AbstractBasicAuthHandler:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, password_mgr=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  http_error_auth_reqed(self, authreq, host, req, headers)
     |  
     |  http_request(self, req)
     |  
     |  http_response(self, req, response)
     |  
     |  https_request = http_request(self, req)
     |  
     |  https_response = http_response(self, req, response)
     |  
     |  retry_http_basic_auth(self, host, req, realm)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from AbstractBasicAuthHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from AbstractBasicAuthHandler:
     |  
     |  rx = re.compile('(?:.*,)*[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm=(["\']?)([^"\']*)\...
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class HTTPCookieProcessor(BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPCookieProcessor
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, cookiejar=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  http_request(self, request)
     |  
     |  http_response(self, request, response)
     |  
     |  https_request = http_request(self, request)
     |  
     |  https_response = http_response(self, request, response)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class HTTPDefaultErrorHandler(BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPDefaultErrorHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class HTTPDigestAuthHandler(BaseHandler, AbstractDigestAuthHandler)
     |  An authentication protocol defined by RFC 2069
     |  
     |  Digest authentication improves on basic authentication because it
     |  does not transmit passwords in the clear.
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPDigestAuthHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      AbstractDigestAuthHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  http_error_401(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  auth_header = 'Authorization'
     |  
     |  handler_order = 490
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from AbstractDigestAuthHandler:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, passwd=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  get_algorithm_impls(self, algorithm)
     |  
     |  get_authorization(self, req, chal)
     |  
     |  get_cnonce(self, nonce)
     |  
     |  get_entity_digest(self, data, chal)
     |  
     |  http_error_auth_reqed(self, auth_header, host, req, headers)
     |  
     |  reset_retry_count(self)
     |  
     |  retry_http_digest_auth(self, req, auth)
    
    class HTTPErrorProcessor(BaseHandler)
     |  Process HTTP error responses.
     |  
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPErrorProcessor
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  http_response(self, request, response)
     |  
     |  https_response = http_response(self, request, response)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 1000
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
    
    class HTTPHandler(AbstractHTTPHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPHandler
     |      AbstractHTTPHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  http_open(self, req)
     |  
     |  http_request = do_request_(self, request)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from AbstractHTTPHandler:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, debuglevel=0)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)
     |      Return an HTTPResponse object for the request, using http_class.
     |      
     |      http_class must implement the HTTPConnection API from http.client.
     |  
     |  do_request_(self, request)
     |  
     |  set_http_debuglevel(self, level)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class HTTPPasswordMgr(builtins.object)
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  add_password(self, realm, uri, user, passwd)
     |  
     |  find_user_password(self, realm, authuri)
     |  
     |  is_suburi(self, base, test)
     |      Check if test is below base in a URI tree
     |      
     |      Both args must be URIs in reduced form.
     |  
     |  reduce_uri(self, uri, default_port=True)
     |      Accept authority or URI and extract only the authority and path.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
    
    class HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm(HTTPPasswordMgr)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm
     |      HTTPPasswordMgr
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  find_user_password(self, realm, authuri)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from HTTPPasswordMgr:
     |  
     |  __init__(self)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  add_password(self, realm, uri, user, passwd)
     |  
     |  is_suburi(self, base, test)
     |      Check if test is below base in a URI tree
     |      
     |      Both args must be URIs in reduced form.
     |  
     |  reduce_uri(self, uri, default_port=True)
     |      Accept authority or URI and extract only the authority and path.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from HTTPPasswordMgr:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
    
    class HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth(HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth
     |      HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm
     |      HTTPPasswordMgr
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  add_password(self, realm, uri, user, passwd, is_authenticated=False)
     |  
     |  is_authenticated(self, authuri)
     |  
     |  update_authenticated(self, uri, is_authenticated=False)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm:
     |  
     |  find_user_password(self, realm, authuri)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from HTTPPasswordMgr:
     |  
     |  is_suburi(self, base, test)
     |      Check if test is below base in a URI tree
     |      
     |      Both args must be URIs in reduced form.
     |  
     |  reduce_uri(self, uri, default_port=True)
     |      Accept authority or URI and extract only the authority and path.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from HTTPPasswordMgr:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
    
    class HTTPRedirectHandler(BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPRedirectHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  http_error_301 = http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
     |  
     |  http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
     |      # Implementation note: To avoid the server sending us into an
     |      # infinite loop, the request object needs to track what URLs we
     |      # have already seen.  Do this by adding a handler-specific
     |      # attribute to the Request object.
     |  
     |  http_error_303 = http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
     |  
     |  http_error_307 = http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
     |  
     |  redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl)
     |      Return a Request or None in response to a redirect.
     |      
     |      This is called by the http_error_30x methods when a
     |      redirection response is received.  If a redirection should
     |      take place, return a new Request to allow http_error_30x to
     |      perform the redirect.  Otherwise, raise HTTPError if no-one
     |      else should try to handle this url.  Return None if you can't
     |      but another Handler might.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  inf_msg = 'The HTTP server returned a redirect error that w...n infini...
     |  
     |  max_redirections = 10
     |  
     |  max_repeats = 4
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class HTTPSHandler(AbstractHTTPHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      HTTPSHandler
     |      AbstractHTTPHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, debuglevel=0, context=None, check_hostname=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  https_open(self, req)
     |  
     |  https_request = do_request_(self, request)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from AbstractHTTPHandler:
     |  
     |  do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)
     |      Return an HTTPResponse object for the request, using http_class.
     |      
     |      http_class must implement the HTTPConnection API from http.client.
     |  
     |  do_request_(self, request)
     |  
     |  set_http_debuglevel(self, level)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class OpenerDirector(builtins.object)
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  add_handler(self, handler)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  error(self, proto, *args)
     |  
     |  open(self, fullurl, data=None, timeout=<object object at 0x00000194FB730120>)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
    
    class ProxyBasicAuthHandler(AbstractBasicAuthHandler, BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      ProxyBasicAuthHandler
     |      AbstractBasicAuthHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  http_error_407(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  auth_header = 'Proxy-authorization'
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from AbstractBasicAuthHandler:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, password_mgr=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  http_error_auth_reqed(self, authreq, host, req, headers)
     |  
     |  http_request(self, req)
     |  
     |  http_response(self, req, response)
     |  
     |  https_request = http_request(self, req)
     |  
     |  https_response = http_response(self, req, response)
     |  
     |  retry_http_basic_auth(self, host, req, realm)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from AbstractBasicAuthHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from AbstractBasicAuthHandler:
     |  
     |  rx = re.compile('(?:.*,)*[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm=(["\']?)([^"\']*)\...
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500
    
    class ProxyDigestAuthHandler(BaseHandler, AbstractDigestAuthHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      ProxyDigestAuthHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      AbstractDigestAuthHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  http_error_407(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  auth_header = 'Proxy-Authorization'
     |  
     |  handler_order = 490
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from AbstractDigestAuthHandler:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, passwd=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  get_algorithm_impls(self, algorithm)
     |  
     |  get_authorization(self, req, chal)
     |  
     |  get_cnonce(self, nonce)
     |  
     |  get_entity_digest(self, data, chal)
     |  
     |  http_error_auth_reqed(self, auth_header, host, req, headers)
     |  
     |  reset_retry_count(self)
     |  
     |  retry_http_digest_auth(self, req, auth)
    
    class ProxyHandler(BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      ProxyHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, proxies=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  proxy_open(self, req, proxy, type)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 100
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
    
    class Request(builtins.object)
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __init__(self, url, data=None, headers={}, origin_req_host=None, unverifiable=False, method=None)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  add_header(self, key, val)
     |  
     |  add_unredirected_header(self, key, val)
     |  
     |  get_full_url(self)
     |  
     |  get_header(self, header_name, default=None)
     |  
     |  get_method(self)
     |      Return a string indicating the HTTP request method.
     |  
     |  has_header(self, header_name)
     |  
     |  has_proxy(self)
     |  
     |  header_items(self)
     |  
     |  remove_header(self, header_name)
     |  
     |  set_proxy(self, host, type)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  data
     |  
     |  full_url
    
    class URLopener(builtins.object)
     |  Class to open URLs.
     |  This is a class rather than just a subroutine because we may need
     |  more than one set of global protocol-specific options.
     |  Note -- this is a base class for those who don't want the
     |  automatic handling of errors type 302 (relocated) and 401
     |  (authorization needed).
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  __del__(self)
     |  
     |  __init__(self, proxies=None, **x509)
     |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
     |  
     |  addheader(self, *args)
     |      Add a header to be used by the HTTP interface only
     |      e.g. u.addheader('Accept', 'sound/basic')
     |  
     |  cleanup(self)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  http_error(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None)
     |      Handle http errors.
     |      
     |      Derived class can override this, or provide specific handlers
     |      named http_error_DDD where DDD is the 3-digit error code.
     |  
     |  http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
     |      Default error handler: close the connection and raise OSError.
     |  
     |  open(self, fullurl, data=None)
     |      Use URLopener().open(file) instead of open(file, 'r').
     |  
     |  open_data(self, url, data=None)
     |      Use "data" URL.
     |  
     |  open_file(self, url)
     |      Use local file or FTP depending on form of URL.
     |  
     |  open_ftp(self, url)
     |      Use FTP protocol.
     |  
     |  open_http(self, url, data=None)
     |      Use HTTP protocol.
     |  
     |  open_https(self, url, data=None)
     |      Use HTTPS protocol.
     |  
     |  open_local_file(self, url)
     |      Use local file.
     |  
     |  open_unknown(self, fullurl, data=None)
     |      Overridable interface to open unknown URL type.
     |  
     |  open_unknown_proxy(self, proxy, fullurl, data=None)
     |      Overridable interface to open unknown URL type.
     |  
     |  retrieve(self, url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None)
     |      retrieve(url) returns (filename, headers) for a local object
     |      or (tempfilename, headers) for a remote object.
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors defined here:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes defined here:
     |  
     |  version = 'Python-urllib/3.5'
    
    class UnknownHandler(BaseHandler)
     |  Method resolution order:
     |      UnknownHandler
     |      BaseHandler
     |      builtins.object
     |  
     |  Methods defined here:
     |  
     |  unknown_open(self, req)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Methods inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __lt__(self, other)
     |      Return self<value.
     |  
     |  add_parent(self, parent)
     |  
     |  close(self)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data descriptors inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  __dict__
     |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
     |  
     |  __weakref__
     |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
     |  
     |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  Data and other attributes inherited from BaseHandler:
     |  
     |  handler_order = 500


FUNCTIONS
    build_opener(*handlers)
        Create an opener object from a list of handlers.
        
        The opener will use several default handlers, including support
        for HTTP, FTP and when applicable HTTPS.
        
        If any of the handlers passed as arguments are subclasses of the
        default handlers, the default handlers will not be used.
    
    getproxies()
        Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
        
        Returns settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
        or the registry.
    
    install_opener(opener)
    
    pathname2url(p)
        OS-specific conversion from a file system path to a relative URL
        of the 'file' scheme; not recommended for general use.
    
    url2pathname(url)
        OS-specific conversion from a relative URL of the 'file' scheme
        to a file system path; not recommended for general use.
    
    urlcleanup()
        Clean up temporary files from urlretrieve calls.
    
    urlopen(url, data=None, timeout=<object object at 0x00000194FB730120>, *, cafile=None, capath=None, cadefault=False, context=None)
    
    urlretrieve(url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None)
        Retrieve a URL into a temporary location on disk.
        
        Requires a URL argument. If a filename is passed, it is used as
        the temporary file location. The reporthook argument should be
        a callable that accepts a block number, a read size, and the
        total file size of the URL target. The data argument should be
        valid URL encoded data.
        
        If a filename is passed and the URL points to a local resource,
        the result is a copy from local file to new file.
        
        Returns a tuple containing the path to the newly created
        data file as well as the resulting HTTPMessage object.


DATA
    __all__ = ['Request', 'OpenerDirector', 'BaseHandler', 'HTTPDefaultErr...


VERSION
    3.5