Java---基于UDP协议的通信程序

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-29 10:47:17 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-29 10:47:17 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： udp java 服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/airar/article/details/121703678

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1.什么是UDP，它的优点是什么？

UDP---用户数据报协议[无连接协议]

缺点：不能保证数据的安全与可靠

优点：消耗小，效率高

2.建立基于UDP的网络通讯程序需要使用的类和常用方法

基于UDP的网路通讯程序是不区分客户端和服务器

java.net.DatagramPacket---该类表示数据报包。【打包被发送的数据/接收发来的数据】

构造方法：

DatagramPacket(byte[ ],int length)---构造一个 DatagramPacket用于接收长度的数据包length。【接收发来的数据的数据包】

DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length, InetAddress address, int port) -构造用于发送长度的分组的数据报包 length指定主机上到指定的端口号。【打包被发送的数据】

实例方法：

byte[ ] getData()--返回数据缓冲区。

int getLength()---返回要发送的数据长度或接受到的数据长度

InetAddress getAddress()--返回该数据报发送或接收数据报的计算机的IP地址。

int getPort() 返回发送数据报的远程主机上的端口号，或从中接收数据报的端口号。

java.net.DatagramSocket 此类表示用于发送和接收数据报数据包的套接字。

构造方法:

DatagramSocket()---构造数据报套接字并将其绑定到本机上的任何可用端口[发包]

DatagramSocket(int prot)---构造数据报套接字并将其绑定到本地主机上的指定端口[收包]

实例方法：

void send(DatagramPacket p)---从次套接字发送数据包

void receive(DatagramPacket p)---从此套接字接收数据包。

void close()---贯标此数据报套接字。

3.基于UDP协议的通信程序创建步骤

发送发步骤

1.将需要发送的数据通过DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int length,InetAddress address,int prot)构造方法打包好

2.通过DatagramSocket()的构造方法创建DatagramSocket对象

3.DatagramSocket()对象的send方法将打包好的数据报包发送

4.关闭DatagarmSocket.

接收方步骤

1.通过DatagramSocket(int prot)创建数据的DatagramSock对象

2.通过DatagramPacket(byte[ ] buf,int length)创建一个空数据包

3.通过调用接收数据的DatagramSocket对象的receive方法接收数据报包到空的数据报包。

4.解析数据包

5.关闭DatagramSocket

实例1：客户端向服务器发送数据，服务器接收客户端发送的数据

package com.wangxing.test1;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class ClientSend {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		BufferedReader buff=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		System.out.println("请输入要发送的内容");
		String info=buff.readLine();
		byte buf[]=info.getBytes();
		int len=buf.length;
		//返回包含本地ip地址的InetAddress对象
		InetAddress address=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
		int port=2000;
		// DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length, InetAddress address, int port) 构造方法打包好
		DatagramPacket sendpack=new DatagramPacket(buf, len,address,port);
		//DatagramSocket() 构造数据报套接字并将其绑定到本地主机上的任何可用端口。【发包】 
		DatagramSocket sendsock=new DatagramSocket();
		//void	send(DatagramPacket p) 从此套接字发送数据报包。
		sendsock.send(sendpack);
		//void	close() 关闭此数据报套接字。 
		sendsock.close();
	}

}

package com.wangxing.test1;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import javax.xml.crypto.Data;

public class ServerReceive {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		int prot=2000;
		//DatagramSocket(int port)创建接收数据的DatagramSocket对象。
		DatagramSocket receivesock=new DatagramSocket(prot);
		//创建一个空的数据报包。DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length)
		byte buf[]=new byte[1024];
		DatagramPacket receiverpack=new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
		//void	receive(DatagramPacket p) 从此套接字接收数据报包。
		//接收数据
		receivesock.receive(receiverpack);
		//解析数据
		byte data[]=receiverpack.getData();
		int len=receiverpack.getLength();
		String msg=new String(data,0,len);
		String clientip=receiverpack.getAddress().getHostAddress();
		int clientsentport=receiverpack.getPort();
		System.out.println("接收到来自"+clientip+":"+clientsentport+"的信息:"+msg);
		receivesock.close();
	}

}

实例2:完成客户端持续向服务器送数据，服务器持续接收到客户端发送来的数据。

package com.wangxing.test2;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class ClientSend {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String sendmsg=null;
		int serverport=2000;
		DatagramPacket sendpacket=null;
		boolean flag=true;
		BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		InetAddress serversddress=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
		DatagramSocket sendsocket=new DatagramSocket();
		while(flag){
			System.out.println("请输入需要发送的内容");
			sendmsg=reader.readLine();
			sendpacket=new DatagramPacket(sendmsg.getBytes(),sendmsg.getBytes().length,serversddress,serverport);
			sendsocket.send(sendpacket);
			if(sendmsg.equals("exit")){
				flag=false;
			}
			
		}
		sendsocket.close();
	}

}

package com.wangxing.test2;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import javax.xml.crypto.Data;

public class ServerReceive {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DatagramSocket  receivesocket=null;
		DatagramPacket receivepacket=null;
		String  receivemsg=null;
		InetAddress  clientaddress=null;
		int serverport=2000;
		byte data[]=null;
		int len=0;
		int clientport=0;
		boolean  flag=true;
		receivesocket=new DatagramSocket(serverport);
		byte  buf[]=new byte[1024];
		receivepacket=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);
		
		while(flag){
		receivesocket.receive(receivepacket);
		data=receivepacket.getData();
		len=receivepacket.getLength();
		clientaddress=receivepacket.getAddress();
		clientport=receivepacket.getPort();
		receivemsg=new String(data,0,len);
		System.out.println("服务器接收到来自:"+clientaddress.getHostAddress()+":"+clientport+"的信息是=="+receivemsg);
		if(receivemsg.equals("886")){
			flag=false;
		}
		}
		receivesocket.close();
	}

}

实例3:完成客户端持续向服务器送数据，还能接收服务器返回的信息，服务器持续接收到客户端发送来的数据，还可以向客户端返回信息

package com.wangxing.test3;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class ClientSend {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String sendmsg=null;
		int serverport=2000;
		DatagramPacket sendpacket=null;
		boolean flag=true;
		DatagramSocket receviesock=null;
		DatagramPacket receviepacket=null;
		String receviemsg=null;
		byte data[ ]=null;
		int len=0;
		int receiveport=3000;
		BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		InetAddress serversddress=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
		DatagramSocket sendsocket=new DatagramSocket();
		
		receviesock=new DatagramSocket(receiveport);
		byte  buf[]=new byte[1024];
		receviepacket=new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
		while(flag){
			System.out.println("请输入需要发送的内容");
			sendmsg=reader.readLine();
			sendpacket=new DatagramPacket(sendmsg.getBytes(),sendmsg.getBytes().length,serversddress,serverport);
			sendsocket.send(sendpacket);
			
			receviesock.receive(receviepacket);
			data=receviepacket.getData();
			len=receviepacket.getLength();
			receviemsg=new String(data,0,len);
			System.out.println("接受到来自服务器的数据："+receviemsg);
			if(sendmsg.equals("exit")){
				flag=false;
			}
			
		}
		sendsocket.close();
		receviesock.close();
	}

}

package com.wangxing.test3;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import javax.xml.crypto.Data;

public class ServerReceive {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DatagramSocket  receivesocket=null;
		DatagramPacket receivepacket=null;
		String  receivemsg=null;
		InetAddress  clientaddress=null;
		int receiveport=2000;
		byte data[]=null;
		int len=0;
		int clientport=0;
		boolean  flag=true;
		
		String sendmsg=null;
		InetAddress serversddress=null;
		int sendport=3000;
		DatagramSocket sendsocket=null;
		DatagramPacket sendpacket=null;
		
		receivesocket=new DatagramSocket(receiveport);
		byte  buf[]=new byte[1024];
		receivepacket=new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length);
		serversddress=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
		sendsocket=new DatagramSocket();
		
		while(flag){
		receivesocket.receive(receivepacket);
		data=receivepacket.getData();
		len=receivepacket.getLength();
		clientaddress=receivepacket.getAddress();
		clientport=receivepacket.getPort();
		receivemsg=new String(data,0,len);
		System.out.println("服务器接收到来自:"+clientaddress.getHostAddress()+":"+clientport+"的信息是=="+receivemsg);
		
		sendmsg="server-"+receivemsg;
		sendpacket=new DatagramPacket(sendmsg.getBytes(),sendmsg.getBytes().length,serversddress,sendport);
		sendsocket.send(sendpacket);
		if(receivemsg.equals("exit")){
			flag=false;
		}
		}
		sendsocket.close();
		receivesocket.close();
		
	}

}

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Java---基于UDP协议的通信程序

1.什么是UDP，它的优点是什么？UDP---用户数据报协议[无连接协议]缺点：不能保证数据的安全与可靠优点：消耗小，效率高2.建立基于UDP的网络通讯程序需要使用的类和常用方法基于UDP的网路通讯程序是不区分客户端和服务器java.net.DatagramPacket---该类表示数据报包。【打包被发送的数据/接收发来的数据】构造方法：DatagramPacket(byte[ ],int length)---构造一个 DatagramPacket用于接收长度的数据包l
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