openpyxl - 单元格样式

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单元格样式

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简介

openpyxl的单元格样式由6种属性决定，每一种都是一个类，需要注意的是这在对样式属性赋值时，样式实例一经创建，样式实例的属性就不可更改，只能新建样式实例。如下所示（中文是我自己翻译的，不太准确，领会精神）：

• font(字体类)：字号、字体颜色、下划线等
• fill(填充类)：颜色等
• border(边框类)：设置单元格边框
• alignment(位置类)：对齐方式
• number_format(格式类)：数据格式
• protection(保护类)：写保护

单元格默认样式如下：

>>> from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font
>>> font = Font(name='Calibri',
...                 size=11,
...                 bold=False,
...                 italic=False,
...                 vertAlign=None,
...                 underline='none',
...                 strike=False,
...                 color='FF000000')
>>> fill = PatternFill(fill_type=None,
...                 start_color='FFFFFFFF',
...                 end_color='FF000000')
>>> border = Border(left=Side(border_style=None,
...                           color='FF000000'),
...                 right=Side(border_style=None,
...                            color='FF000000'),
...                 top=Side(border_style=None,
...                          color='FF000000'),
...                 bottom=Side(border_style=None,
...                             color='FF000000'),
...                 diagonal=Side(border_style=None,
...                               color='FF000000'),
...                 diagonal_direction=0,
...                 outline=Side(border_style=None,
...                              color='FF000000'),
...                 vertical=Side(border_style=None,
...                               color='FF000000'),
...                 horizontal=Side(border_style=None,
...                                color='FF000000')
...                )
>>> alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',
...                     vertical='bottom',
...                     text_rotation=0,
...                     wrap_text=False,
...                     shrink_to_fit=False,
...                     indent=0)
>>> number_format = 'General'
>>> protection = Protection(locked=True,
...                         hidden=False)

以上几种样式（字体、填充、边框、位置和保护）实例一旦被创建实例的属性就不可更改，只能重新创建实例。

>>> from openpyxl.styles import colors
>>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, Color
>>> from openpyxl.styles import colors
>>> from openpyxl import Workbook
>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> ws = wb.active
>>>
>>> a1 = ws['A1']
>>> d4 = ws['D4']
>>> ft = Font(color=colors.RED)
>>> a1.font = ft
>>> d4.font = ft
>>>
>>> a1.font.italic = True # 不会生效，样式实例一旦创建，实例的属性就不可改变
>>>
>>> # 若要改变样式，必须新建样式实例
>>>
>>> a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # 创建字体实例（红色、斜体，其他属性默认）

复制样式

样式可以被复制：

>>> from openpyxl.styles import Font
>>>
>>> ft1 = Font(name='Arial', size=14)
>>> ft2 = ft1.copy(name="Tahoma") # 复制时指定字体为“Tahoma”，其他属性均复制自ft1
>>> ft1.name
'Arial'
>>> ft2.name
'Tahoma'
>>> ft2.size
14.0

基本字体颜色

字体颜色有一些颜色常量，可以直接调用:

from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles.colors import RED
font = Font(color=RED)
font = Font(color="00FFBB00")

也可以按索引创建实例：

from openpyxl.styles.colors import Color
c = Color(indexed=32)
c = Color(theme=6, tint=0.5)

说到颜色，V2.3.5版本必须使用“00XXXXXX”的格式，不能使用“#XXXXXX”的格式。如果颜色不生效请查看版本后修改。

应用样式

可以直接应用到单元格:

from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Fill
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
c = ws['A1']
c.font = Font(size=12)

可以对整行整列设置样式，前提是单元格已创建。

col = ws.column_dimensions['A']
col.font = Font(bold=True)
row = ws.row_dimensions[1]
row.font = Font(underline="single")

数据格式

数据格式属性number_format的值是字符串类型，不为对象，直接赋值即可。
openpyxl内置了一些数据格式查看openpyxl.styles.numbers，也支持excel自定义格式，以下两种方式效果相同：

# 使用openpyxl内置的格式
from openpyxl.styles import numbers
ws.cell['D2'].number_format = numbers.FORMAT_GENERAL
ws.cell(row=2, column=4).number_format = numbers.FORMAT_DATE_XLSX15

# 直接使用字符串
ws.cell['D2].number_format = 'General'
ws.cell(row=2, column=4).number_format = 'd-mmm-yy'

编辑页面设置

from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

ws.page_setup.orientation = ws.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE
ws.page_setup.paperSize = ws.PAPERSIZE_TABLOID
ws.page_setup.fitToHeight = 0
ws.page_setup.fitToWidth = 1

编辑打印选项

from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

ws.print_options.horizontalCentered = True
ws.print_options.verticalCentered = True