学习java线程状态和看懂thread dump文件中的线程信息

线程的状态是一个很重要的东西，因此thread dump中会显示这些状态，通过对这些状态的分析，能够得出线程的运行状况，进而发现可能存在的问题。线程的状态在Thread.State这个枚举类型中定义：

 public enum State 
 {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,
        
        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,
        
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or 
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,
    
        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the 
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         * 
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.  
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call 
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on 
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt> 
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,
        
        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of 
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li> 
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
}

下面简单地介绍下这几个状态值：

1、NEW：

     我们知道每一个线程，在堆内存中都有一个对应的Thread对象。Thread t = new Thread();当刚刚在堆内存中创建Thread对象，还没有调用t.start()方法之前，线程就处在NEW状态。在这个状态上，线程与普通的java对象没有什么区别，就仅仅是一个堆内存中的对象。

2、RUNNABLE

     该状态表示线程具备所有运行条件，在运行队列中准备操作系统的调度，或者正在运行。 这个状态的线程比较正常，但如果线程长时间停留在在这个状态就不正常了，这说明线程运行的时间很长（存在性能问题），或者是线程一直得不得执行的机会（存在线程饥饿的问题）。

3、BLOCKED

     线程正在等待获取java对象的监视器(也叫内置锁)，即线程正在等待进入由synchronized保护的方法或者代码块。synchronized用来保证