了解hibernate的Criteria查询

hibernate提供的Criteria查询更加符合面向对象的做法，这里参考下hibernate的manual，了解下Criteria的使用。

1.Creating a Criteria instance

The interface org.hibernate.Criteria represents a query against a particular persistent class. The Session is a factory for Criteria instances.没有设置别名，默认别名是Criteria.ROOT_ALIAS。

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

// 使用别名
Criteria criteria1 = session.createCriteria(Student.class, "t");

// 不使用别名
Criteria criteria2 = session.createCriteria(Student.class);

2.使用Restrictions和Criterion添加查询条件

An individual query criterion is an instance of the interface org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion. 

The class org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictionsdefines factory methods for obtaining certain built-in Criterion types.

criteria.add(Restrictions.like("t.name", "%aty%")).add(
				Restrictions.lt("t.id", 10));

除了提供很多种类查询条件外，Restrictions还提供了and、or、conjunction、disjunction等进行条件的逻辑操作。

List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
    .add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
    .add( Restrictions.or(
        Restrictions.eq( "age", new Integer(0) ),
        Restrictions.isNull("age")
    ) ).list();

List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
    .add( Restrictions.in( "name", new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
    .add( Restrictions.disjunction()
        .add( Restrictions.isNull("age") )
        .add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(0) ) )
        .add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(1) ) )
        .add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(2) ) )
    ) ).list();

我们可以直接在Restrictions中使用原始的SQL查询条件：

Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Student.class);
		criteria.add(Restrictions
				.sqlRestriction("lower({alias}.name) like lower(?)", "%update%",
						StringType.INSTANCE));

{alias}占位符会被hibernate替换成实体的别名，如果创建Criteria没有指定别名，也没有关系。

You can also obtain a criterion from a Property instance. You can create a Property by calling Property.forName():

Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Student.class);

criteria.add(Property.forName("name")
		.like("update", MatchMode.ANYWHERE));

3.Ordering the results

You can order the results using org.hibernate.criterion.Order：

List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
    .add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
    .addOrder( Order.asc("name") )
    .addOrder( Order.desc("age") )
    .setMaxResults(50)
    .list();

4.关联查询

以College和Student这2个实体的one-to-many关系为例，POJO和实体映射文件，参考这篇文章。我们可以使用：Criteria.createAlias()或者Criteria.createCriteria()进行实体间的关联查询。

@Test
public void test1() {
	Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

	Criteria rootCriteria = session.createCriteria(College.class);
	rootCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("id", 4));

	// 添加关联实体的查询
	// createAlias() does not create a new instance of Criteria, just return
	// original Criteria for method chaining.
	rootCriteria.createAlias("allStudents", "s", JoinType.INNER_JOIN);

	rootCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("s.sname", "aty2"));

	College college = (College) rootCriteria.uniqueResult();

	System.out.println("college name is: " + college.getName());

	System.out.println("its students are: " + college.getAllStudents());

	session.close();
}

@Test
public void test2() {
	Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

	Criteria rootCriteria = session.createCriteria(College.class);
	rootCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("id", 4));

	// createCriteria() returns a new "sub criteria".
	Criteria subCriteria = rootCriteria.createCriteria("allStudents", "s",
			JoinType.INNER_JOIN);

	// way1
	// subCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("sname", "aty2"));

	// way2 is equivalent to way1.
	subCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("s.sname", "aty2"));

	// way3
	// rootCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("s.sname", "aty2"));

	// wrong:because sname is not a property of College.
	// rootCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("sname", "aty2"));

	// way1 use subCriteria to do query.
	College college = (College) subCriteria.uniqueResult();

	// way2 is equivalent to way1
	// College college = (College) rootCriteria.uniqueResult();

	System.out.println("college name is: " + college.getName());

	System.out.println("its students are: " + college.getAllStudents());

	session.close();
}

createAlias()不会创建新的Criteria对象，仅仅是为了链式调用返回原来的Criteria。createCriteria()则返回一个新的Criteria对象()，和原来的Criteria对象形成父子关系。但是test1和test2这2个方法有一个很严重的问题：关联对象并没有过滤。

当访问college对象关联的studens时候，hibernate还是会发出一个查询语句，返回college下的所有student。如果要实现过滤功能，需要使用hibernate中的ResultTransformer。

@Test
public void testResultTransformer1() {
	Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

	Criteria collegeCriteria = session.createCriteria(College.class);
	collegeCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("id", 4));

	Criteria studentCriteria = collegeCriteria.createCriteria(
			"allStudents", "s");
	studentCriteria.add(Restrictions.like("s.sname", "%aty%"));
	studentCriteria.setResultTransformer(Criteria.ALIAS_TO_ENTITY_MAP);

	List<Map> results = (List<Map>) collegeCriteria.list();

	for (Map each : results) {
		College college = (College) each.get(Criteria.ROOT_ALIAS);
		Student student = (Student) each.get("s");

		System.out.println("college name is: " + college.getName());
		System.out.println("student is: " + student);
	}

	session.close();
}

但是仍然存在同样的问题，如果我们调用college.getAllStudents()，还是会关联查询所有的student。解决方法是：我们使用过滤后的student，自己去设置college对象的allStudents属性。

@Test
public void testComposite() {

	Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

	Criteria collegeCriteria = session.createCriteria(College.class);
	collegeCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("id", 2));

	Criteria studentCriteria = collegeCriteria.createCriteria(
			"allStudents", "s");
	studentCriteria.add(Restrictions.like("s.sname", "%qun%"));
	studentCriteria.setResultTransformer(Criteria.ALIAS_TO_ENTITY_MAP);

	List<Map> results = (List<Map>) collegeCriteria.list();

	College needCollege = buildNeedCollege(results);

	System.out.println(needCollege);// 不会再关联查询

	session.close();
}

private College buildNeedCollege(List<Map> results) {
	College college = new College();
	Set<Student> needStudents = new HashSet<Student>();

	for (Map each : results) {
		college = (College) each.get(Criteria.ROOT_ALIAS);
		needStudents.add((Student) each.get("s"));
	}

	college.setAllStudents(needStudents);

	return college;
}

通过Criteria关联查询可以看出：一旦在实体映射文件中配置好关联关系后，当访问关联实体的时候，hibernate会发出查询语句再次查询关联的实体，除非我们自己去设置关联的实体对象。当然使用Criteria也可以进行 Projections、aggregation、和grouping这里不再研究，用到的时候再查。