以交通工具举例
一、静态工厂(不属于GOF 23)
给司机一辆车(也可以添加多态,让司机选一辆车)
private static Car car = new Car();
//private static List<Car> cars = new ArrayList<Car>();
public Car(){}
public static Car getInstance() {
return car;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("冒着烟奔跑中car.......");
}
}
private static Car car = new Car();
//private static List<Car> cars = new ArrayList<Car>();
public Car(){}
public static Car getInstance() {
return car;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println("冒着烟奔跑中car.......");
}
}
二、工厂方法模式
概念:定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类,Factory Method使一个类的实例化延迟到了子类。
任意定制交通工具(多态)类型和生产过程
<span style="font-size:14px;">public interface Moveable {
void run();
}
public class Car implements Moveable{
public void run() {
System.out.println("冒着烟奔跑中car.......");
}
}
public class Plane implements Moveable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("扇着翅膀前进中plane....");
}
}</span>
<span style="font-size:14px;">public abstract class VehicleFactory {
abstract Moveable create();
}
public class CarFactory extends VehicleFactory{
public Moveable create() {
return new Car();
}
}
public class BroomFactory extends VehicleFactory{
public Moveable create() {
return new Broom();
}
}</span>
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
VehicleFactory factory = new BroomFactory();
Moveable m = factory.create();
m.run();
}
}
三、抽象工厂模式
概念:提供一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口,而无须指定它们的具体类。与工厂方法不同在于抽象工厂创建一系列的多个产品。
控制系列产品(车,武器,食品补给)生产替换
添加产品类型,以及对应的产品
public abstract class Vehicle {
public abstract void run();
}
public class Car extends Vehicle {
public void run() {
System.out.println("冒着烟奔跑中car.......");
}
}
public class Broom extends Vehicle{
public void run() {
System.out.println("一路沙尘暴飞奔而来broom.....");
}
}
public abstract class Food {
public abstract void printName();
}
public class Apple extends Food {
public void printName() {
System.out.println("apple");
}
}
public class MushRoom extends Food {
@Override
public void printName() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("mushroom");
}
}
public abstract class Weapon {
public abstract void shoot();
}
public class AK47 extends Weapon{
public void shoot() {
System.out.println("哒哒哒...");
}
}
public class MagicStick extends Weapon {
@Override
public void shoot() {
System.out.println("fire hu hu hu ...");
}
}
创建抽象工厂
public abstract class AbstractFactory {
public abstract Vehicle createVehicle();
public abstract Weapon createWeapon();
public abstract Food createFood();
}
public class DefaultFactory extends AbstractFactory{//创建抽象工厂,定制生产一系列产品
@Override
public Food createFood() {
return new Apple();
}
@Override
public Vehicle createVehicle() {
return new Car();
}
@Override
public Weapon createWeapon() {
return new AK47();
}
}
public class MagicFactory extends AbstractFactory {//
@Override
public Food createFood() {
return new MushRoom();
}
@Override
public Vehicle createVehicle() {
return new Broom();
}
@Override
public Weapon createWeapon() {
return new MagicStick();
}
}
添加客户端代码:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//DefaultFactory f = new DefaultFactory();
AbstractFactory f = new DefaultFactory();
Vehicle v = f.createVehicle();
v.run();
Weapon w = f.createWeapon();
w.shoot();
Food a = f.createFood();
a.printName();
}
}
总结:工厂方法与抽象工厂最大的区别和各自的优缺点:
对于普通的工厂,可以在产品这个维度进行扩展,可以产生新的产品和新的产品的工厂,但是如果产生产品系列(一系列不同类产品的具体产品),会出现
工厂类泛滥的问题。抽象工厂解决这个问题,能产生新的产品系列。
而如果需要增加新的产品品种的话,这是需要修改抽象工厂接口增加新的方法,然后所有实现工厂增加新的方法。