进阶五:分组查询
语法:
select 分组函数,列(要求出现在group by 的后面)
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
froup by 分组的列表
【order by 字句】
注意:
查询列表必须特殊,要求是分组函数和group by 后出现的字段
特点:
1、分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
数据源 位置 关键字
分组前筛选 原始表 group by字句的前面 where
分组后筛选 分组后的结果集 group by字句的后面 having
(1)分组函数做条件肯定放在having字句中
(2)能用分组前筛选的,就优先考虑分组前筛选
2、group by 字句支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组(多个字段之间用逗号隔开没有顺序要求),表达式或函数(用的较少)
3、也可以添加排序(排序放在整个分组查询的最后)
引入:查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT
department_id,
AVG(salary)
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
department_id;
案例1:简单的分组查询 查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT
MAX(salary),
job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
job_id;
案例2:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT
COUNT(*),
location_id
FROM
departments
GROUP BY
location_id;
添加分组前的筛选条件
案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
SELECT
AVG(salary),
department_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY
department_id;
案例2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资
SELECT
MAX(salary),
manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
manager_id;
添加分组后的筛选条件
案例1:查询那个部门的员工个数>2
SELECT
COUNT(*),
department_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
department_id
HAVING
COUNT(*)>2;
案例2:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT
MAX(salary),
job_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
job_id
HAVING
MAX(salary) > 12000;
案例3:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是那个,及其最低工资
SELECT
MIN(salary),
manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
manager_id>102
GROUP BY
manager_id
HAVING
MIN(salary) > 5000;
按表达式或函数分组
案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的有那些
SELECT
COUNT(*)
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
LENGTH(last_name)
HAVING
COUNT(*)>5;
按多个字段分组
案例:查询每个部门的每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT
AVG(salary),
department_id,
job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
department_id,
job_id;
添加排序
案例:查询每个部门的每个工种的员工的平均工资,并且按平均工资的高低显示
SELECT
AVG(salary),
department_id,
job_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
department_id,
job_id
HAVING
AVG(salary)>10000
ORDER BY
AVG(salary) DESC;