【Django】视图之FBV与CBV

FBV

FBV（function base views） 就是在视图里使用函数处理请求。

• 在urls.py定义路由

  from django.urls import path
  from app01 import views
  
  urlpatterns = [
      path('user/', views.user), #定义请求路由
  ]
  

• 在视图中处理请求

  from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  
  # Create your views here.
  
  def user(request):
      #处理GET请求
      if request.method == 'GET':
          return HttpResponse('GET')
      
      # 处理POST请求
      if request.method == 'POST':
          return HttpResponse('POST')
  

CBV

CBV（class base views） 就是在视图里使用类处理请求，与FBV较大的不同点就是能够根据请求的的方法自己自动执行对应的方法。

• 在urls.py定义路由

  from django.urls import path
  from app01 import views
  
  urlpatterns = [
      path('user/', views.UserView.as_view()),
  ]
  

• 在视图中处理请求

  from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  from django.views import View
  
  class UserView(View):
  
      def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
          # 获取数据
          return HttpResponse('GET')
  
      def post(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
          # 创建数据
          return HttpResponse('POST')
  
      def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
          # 更新全部数据
          return HttpResponse('put')
  
      def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
          # 删除数据
          return HttpResponse('delete')
  
      def patch(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
          # 更新局部数据，例如：用户信息的name这样的某几列
          return HttpResponse('patch')
  

CBV源码分析

路由 -> as_view方法 -> view方法 -> dispatch方法

• as_view() - - - > view()

  def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
      """Main entry point for a request-response process."""
     
           ...
  
      def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
          self = cls(**initkwargs)
          if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
              self.head = self.get
          self.request = request
          self.args = args
          self.kwargs = kwargs
          return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  
       ...
  
      return view
  

  url(r'^test/',views.UserView.as_view()), - - - > url(r'^test/',view) =》 这里就与FBV很相似了

• dispatch()

  上面路由走的view方法，它返回的就是dispatch方法，这样实际上执行as_view方法得到的实际上就是dispatch方法的返回值。
  http_method_names = [‘get’, ‘post’, ‘put’, ‘patch’, ‘delete’, ‘head’, ‘options’, ‘trace’]

  def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
      # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
      # request method isn't on the approved list.
      if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
      	# 反射得到方法的函数名称
          handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
      else:
          handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
      return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)  # 执行方法，拿到返回值，每个方法返回的结果是什么，就会得到什么
  

CBV的应用

• 重写dispatch方法，实现在请求之前做些操作

  class UserView(View):
  
      def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
          print('处理方法之前...')
          # 将方法执行的结果返回，两种调用父类的方式
          # ret = super(UserView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
          ret = super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
          print(ret)
          print('处理方法之后...')
          return ret
  
      def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
          #获取数据
          return HttpResponse('GET')
  
      def post(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
          #创建数据
          return HttpResponse('POST')
  

• method_decorator装饰器给类的方法加装饰器

  类中的方法与独立函数不完全相同，因此不能直接将函数装饰器应用于类中的方法 ，我们需要先将其转换为方法装饰器。Django中提供了method_decorator装饰器用于将函数装饰器转换为方法装饰器。

  • 方式一：给某个方法加上装饰器（此例给get方法加上）

    from django.views import View
    from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
      
      
    class AddPublisher(View):  # CBV版
        @method_decorator(wrapper)
        def get(self, request):
            return render(request, "add_publisher.html")
      
        def post(self, request):
            pub_name = request.POST.get("name")
            models.Publisher.objects.create(name=pub_name)
            return redirect("/publisher_list/")
    

  • 方式二：加在dispatch方法上面，会给类下的所有方法加上此装饰器

    class AddPublisher(View):  # CBV版
        @method_decorator(wrapper)
        def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            obj = super(AddPublisher, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
            return obj
      
        def get(self, request):
            return render(request, "add_publisher.html")
      
        def post(self, request):
            pub_name = request.POST.get("name")
            models.Publisher.objects.create(name=pub_name)
            return redirect("/publisher_list/")
    

  • 方式三：加在类上面

    @method_decorator(wrapper, name="post")
    @method_decorator(wrapper, name="get")  # 给哪个方法加，就要指定name
    class AddPublisher(View):  # CBV版
        def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            obj = super(AddPublisher, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
            return obj
      
        def get(self, request):
            return render(request, "add_publisher.html")
      
        def post(self, request):
            pub_name = request.POST.get("name")
            models.Publisher.objects.create(name=pub_name)
            return redirect("/publisher_list/")