尺子刻度划分

长度为N的尺子不包含任何刻度。要求：在尺子上标注若干刻度，使得标注的刻度点尽可能的少，能够一次性称量的长度尽量长。

分析：尺子的长度N与至少标注的刻度数目的关系如下。

a(2n)=n^2+4n+1

a(2n+1)=n^2+5n+3

F( 1) = 3, (0, 1, 3)

F( 2) = 6, (0, 1, 4, 6)
F( 3) = 9, (0, 1, 2, 6, 9)
F( 4) = 13, (0, 1, 2, 6, 10, 13)
F( 5) = 17, (0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 17)
F( 6) = 23, (0, 1, 2, 11, 15, 18, 21, 23)
F( 7) = 29, (0, 1, 2, 14, 18, 21, 24, 27, 29)
F( 8) = 36, (0, 1, 3, 6, 13, 20, 27, 31, 35, 36)

F( 9) = 43, (0, 1, 3, 6, 13, 20, 27, 34, 38, 42, 43)

参考：http://forum.book.sina.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=1644481&extra=page%3D1&page=2