Python基础——#2列表

#2列表

由一系列按特定顺序排列的元素组成。

方括号[ ]表示列表，逗号分隔其中的元素

列表的创建、查、增、删、改

创建列表

mylist=['first','second','third','forth','fifth']
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']

查

mylist=['first','second','third','forth','fifth']
print(mylist[0]) #List number start at 0 ,not 1

运行结果

first

列表序号从0开始

列表最后一个元素可以用 -1 来访问

print(mylist[-1])

**同理，访问倒数第二个可用 -2 倒数第三个 -3 **

同样，可以利用第一张对字符串的处理来处理列表中的值

massage="third element is "+mylist[2].title()+"."
print(massage)

运行结果：

third element is Third.

增

在列表末尾添加 .append(‘element’)

mylist.append('sixth')
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth', 'sixth']

用这种方法也可以对一个空表进行添加

在列表中插入元素 .insert(插入位置，“插入内容”)

mylist.insert(1,"half past one")
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'half past one', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth', 'sixth']

删

①del() del listname[删除位置]

del mylist[1]
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth', 'sixth']

②pop() 列表类似于一个栈，pop()可以将列表末尾的元素弹出

poped_mylist=mylist.pop()
print(mylist)
print(poped_mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
sixth

由结果可见，被弹出的元素 “sixth” 是末尾元素，而且已经被存储在poped_mylist的存储空间中

③pop(n) 弹出指定位置

mylist=['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
poped_mylist=mylist.pop(2)

运行结果：

third

④remove() 根据值删除元素

注意remove()只能删除第一个指定的值

mylist=['first','second','third','forth','fifth']
print(mylist)
mylist.remove('second')
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
['first', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']

改

直接替换指定位置元素

mylist=['first','second','third','forth','fifth']
print(mylist)
mylist[0]="one"
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
['one', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']

组织列表

排序

临时性排序

sorted按字母顺序排序

mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
print(sorted(mylist))
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['first', 'half', 'quater', 'second', 'third']
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']

**sorted(mylist,reverse=True)**按字母逆序排序

print("\n\n\n")
mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
print(sorted(mylist,reverse=True))
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['third', 'second', 'quater', 'half', 'first']
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']

永久性排序

**sort()**按字母顺序排序

mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
mylist.sort()
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['first', 'half', 'quater', 'second', 'third']

**sort(reverse=True)**按字母逆序排序

mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
mylist.sort(reverse=True)
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['third', 'second', 'quater', 'half', 'first']

倒序打印

reverse()

mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
mylist.reverse()
print(mylist)

运行结果：

['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['half', 'quater', 'third', 'second', 'first']

列表长度

len()

mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(len(mylist))

运行结果：

5

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