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前言
红帽的yum源是需要注册付费的,如果一定要免费使用红帽系统,那么你需要将红帽的yum源替换为CentOS对应的源,那你可以花些时间看我的在替换yum源的过程以及所遇到的问题;如果不一定要使用红帽系统,那么建议你抛弃红帽,直接下载CentOS。
一、出错信息
在用yum进行阿里云的仓库,采用yum clean all时出现故障:
[root@huaian ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
二、redhat的内核和版本
[root@huaian ~]# uname -a
Linux huaian 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jan 29 18:37:38 EST 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@huaian ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.1 (Maipo)
三、删除redhat原生yum
#查看原生yum
[root@huaian ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch
yum-utils-1.1.31-29.el7.noarch
#关掉提示
vim /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/subscription-manager.conf
[main]
enabled=0 ====> 将1改为0
#执行不检查依赖直接删除所有yum包
[root@huaian ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
警告:/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf 已另存为 /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf.rpmsave
#检测是否删掉
[root@huaian ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
#无内容,就删除干净了
四、从国内镜像库下载centos7的yum包
4.1 这些包的下载参考
http://www.manongjc.com/detail/29-kdiqzmdczosdjvj.html
但是在rpm安装的时候出现问题,后面参考另外一个文档,但是在rpm是也出现问题,采用强制安装所有rpm软件时成功了。本人不清楚是否这些下载的yum包是否被安装,因此过程中也包括进去。
curl -o yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.
curl -o yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-10.el7.noarch.rpm http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-rh
curl -o yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
curl -o yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
curl -o yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
curl -o python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm
curl -o python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm
curl -o python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
4.2安装rpm包
#以下命令执行成功
rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm
#多个包安装出现问题
[root@huaian ~]# rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-10.el7.noarch.rpm yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
其结果:
警告:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
错误:依赖检测失败:
python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 被 yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch 需要
rpm >= 0:4.11.3-22 被 yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch 需要
4.3 后续操作参考文档
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46480501/article/details/116985960 感谢想一直摸鱼的支持。
4.4选择合适的centos的版本
看系统自带的python版本,自带python2.6版本的,比较适合CentOS 6.9系统,自带python2.7版本,比较适合CentOS 7 系统。
[root@huaian yum.repos.d]# cd /usr/lib/
[root@huaian lib]# ls
binfmt.d crda dracut firmware gcc kbd kernel modprobe.d modules-load.d python2.7 sendmail sse2 systemd tuned yum-plugins
cpp debug firewalld games grub kdump locale modules polkit-1 rpm sendmail.postfix sysctl.d tmpfiles.d udev
4.5使用国内CentOS的yum包替换redhat自带的yum
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/ 或者 http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/或者http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/或者其他站点,这里以163的站点为例。
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
4.6 安装下载的yum包
注意:必须按照下面的步骤安装,不能一个个安装,否则无法成功
rpm -ivh 后面跟的是我们刚刚下载的文件,输入前几个字母比如yum-plu然后按tab键自动补全命令
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
#安装下面组合包时发送故障
rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
警告:yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
错误:依赖检测失败:
rpm >= 0:4.11.3-22 被 yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch 需要
#需要升级rpm的版本
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps
#再次执行组合包
rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
#结果如下:
警告:yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
软件包 python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch 已经安装
file /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/iniparse/ini.pyc from install of python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch conflicts with file from package python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch
file /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/iniparse/ini.pyo from install of python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch conflicts with file from package python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch
file /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py from install of python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch conflicts with file from package python-urlgrabber-3.10-6.el7.noarch
file /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.pyc from install of python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch conflicts with file from package python-urlgrabber-3.10-6.el7.noarch
file /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.pyo from install of python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch conflicts with file from package python-urlgrabber-3.10-6.el7.noarch
#查看yum安装情况,发现只安装了一个包
[root@huaian ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
#执行下列命令时,提示无yum目录
[root@huaian ~]# yum clean all && makecache
-bash: /usr/bin/yum: 没有那个文件或目录
4.7 强制安装yum包
运行目录在安装包的目录
rpm -ivh --force --nodeps yum*
其结果:
警告:yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
警告:软件包 yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch 已被加入,跳过 yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
警告:软件包 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 已被加入,跳过 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
警告:软件包 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch 已被加入,跳过 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 20%]
2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-5################################# [ 40%]
3:yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos ################################# [ 60%]
4:yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-10.el7 ################################# [ 80%]
5:yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8 ################################# [100%]
#查看yum安装情况
[root@huaian ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-10.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch
4.8 备份Redhat自带的repo文件(如果yum.repos.d下没有repo文件,直接跳到4.9)
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mv rhel-source.repo rhel-source.repo.bak
mv: 无法获取"rhel-source.repo" 的文件状态(stat): 没有那个文件或目录
4.9下载对应版本的repo文件,放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/中
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
4.10 替换CentOS-Base.repo文件中的$releasever为版本号7
vim vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
然后复制以下命令对文本内容进行全局替换:
:%s/$releasever/7/ge
替换完成之后输入 :wq 保存并退出
清除缓存,设置生效
[root@huaian yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id
正在清理软件源: base extras updates
[root@huaian yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
已加载插件:fastestmirror, product-id
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/10): base/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): base/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:09
(3/10): extras/x86_64/primary_db | 249 kB 00:00:00
(4/10): extras/x86_64/filelists_db | 276 kB 00:00:01
(5/10): extras/x86_64/other_db | 149 kB 00:00:00
(6/10): base/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:11
(7/10): base/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:04
(8/10): updates/x86_64/filelists_db | 11 MB 00:00:08
(9/10): updates/x86_64/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00:02
(10/10): updates/x86_64/primary_db | 20 MB 00:00:14
元数据缓存已建立
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