测试环境:
Linux系统版本Asianux4_x64:Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-279.2.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 14 11:42:24 CST 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
本质上Asianux4_x64就是基于Redhat6企业版的。
出现问题:
安装完系统之后,想通过yum安装一些程序,但是提示错误:
Loaded plugins: axtu-plugin, refresh-packagekit, security
Please register, or you can not connect to Asianux Update Server!
Setting up Install Process
No package gcc available.
Error: Nothing to do
以上的错误提示我们必须先注册,否则无法连接到Asianux的yum服务器。
那么我们不注册,怎么更换yum源为可以直接使用的网易yum源呢?
解决方案:
1. 卸载Asianux自带的yum源
[root@localhost 桌面]# rpm -aq | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
[root@localhost 桌面]# whereis yum
yum: /etc/yum
[root@localhost 桌面]# rm -rf /etc/yum
2. 下载yum安装包
下载地址:http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/
从这个地址中下载需要的包:
python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-3.2.29-60.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-30.el6.noarch.rpm
如果不是通过浏览器找到具体文件下载,可以通过wget下载。
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1.清除原有RHEL的YUM及相关软件包。
rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
rpm -qa |grep python-urlgrabber|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
2.下载centos6的相关软件包。
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm
*注释:这些软件包的具体的版本,请到http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/ 目录下,选择下载上述软件包。网上很多文章没法直接使用就是因为软件包的版本问题。
3.安装软件包。
rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
*注释yum-plugin-fastestmirror和yum-3.2.29要一起安装。
如果按照遇到问题:发现错误,python-urlgrabber版本必须大于等于3.9.1-10
# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm
warning: yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
python-urlgrabber >= 3.9.1-10 is needed by yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch
查看系统的python信息
# rpm -qa|grep python
发现python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch 版本低于3.9.1-10
卸载:python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch
rpm -e python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch
安装:rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-11.el6.noarch.rpm
安装yum
# rpm -ivh yum-*
更改yum源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
下载配置文件
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
将此配置文件替换/etc/yum.repos.d同名文件
sed -i "s;\$releasever;6;g" CentOS6-Base-163.repo
mv rhel-source.repo rhel-source.repo.bak
或者编辑配置文件
#vim CentOS-Base.repo
把$releasever替换成现有系统的版本号(6)
vim替换命令
:%s/$releasever/6/g
退出保存
清理yum缓存
#yum clean all
将服务器软件包信息缓存至本地,提高搜索安装效率
#yum makecache
测试
#yum seach vim
3. 安装yum的相关rpm包
[root@localhost myself]# rpm -ivh python*
warning: python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:python-iniparse ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost myself]# rpm -ivh yum*
warning: yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:yum-metadata-parser ########################################### [ 33%]
2:yum-plugin-fastestmirro########################################### [ 67%]
3:yum ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost myself]#
4. 配置网易源
如果 /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo 这个文件存在的话就备份一下:
[root@localhost myself]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak
如果本来就没有,就新建:
[root@localhost myself]# touch /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
编辑新建的文件,加入网易源:
[root@localhost myself]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
#[addons]
#name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
#baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
#gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
保存退出编辑器即可。
5. 清理缓存
[root@localhost myself]# yum clean all
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
清理一切
6. 将服务器上的软件包信息缓存到本地,以提高搜索安装软件的速度
[root@localhost 桌面]# yum makecache
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
base/group_gz | 219 kB 00:01
base/filelists_db | 6.3 MB 01:40
base/primary_db | 4.6 MB 01:06
base/other_db | 2.8 MB 00:40
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/filelists_db | 30 kB 00:00
extras/prestodelta | 601 B 00:00
extras/primary_db | 27 kB 00:00
extras/other_db | 30 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/filelists_db | 1.0 MB 00:14
updates/prestodelta | 93 kB 00:01
updates/primary_db | 1.3 MB 00:19
updates/other_db | 15 MB 03:43
元数据缓存已建立
至此,网易yum源已经安装成功。