http://blog.csdn.net/zfpp25_/article/details/9232129
http://blog.csdn.net/zfpp25_/article/details/9236357
IOS7之前,接触 JS 更多的是处理UIWebView的时候,如:http://blog.csdn.net/zfpp25_/article/details/8650412
但IOS7引入了JS框架<JavaScriptCore/JavaScriptCore.h>,给了“纯IOS程序员”一个枯木逢春的契机~学习强大的 JavaScript。
1、 基本概念
JavaScriptCore.framework :iOS7 中新加入的框架,用来处理JavaScript。JavaScriptCore 是苹果 Safari 浏览器的 JavaScript 引擎,JavaScriptCor在 OS X 平台上很早就存在的,而在 iOS 平台,直到IOS7才对外开放,并提供了 Objective-C 的接口。
2、主要内容
• Objective-C → JavaScript
• JavaScript → Objective-C
• Memory management
• Threading
• JavaScriptCore C API
• JavaScriptCore with a WebView
首先引入框架 #import <JavaScriptCore/JavaScriptCore.h>
一、Objective-C → JavaScript
了解下面几个类:
JSContext:An instance of JSContext represents a JavaScript execution environment.(一个 Context 就是一个 JavaScript 代码执行的环境,也叫作用域。)
JSValue:Conversion between Objective-C and JavaScript types.(JS是弱类型的,ObjectiveC是强类型的,JSValue被引入处理这种类型差异,在 Objective-C 对象和 JavaScript 对象之间起转换作用)
Objective-C 和 JavaScript 中类型的对照表:
实例代码:1
- int main() {
- JSContext *context = [[JSContextalloc]init];
- JSValue *result = [context evaluateScript:@"2 + 2"];
- NSLog(@"2 + 2 = %d", [result toInt32]);
- return 0;
- }
实例代码:2
(1)新建一个test.js文件,其中实现代码:
- //计算阶乘
- var factorial = function(n) {
- if (n < 0)
- return;
- if (n === 0)
- return 1;
- return n * factorial(n - 1)
- };
(2)调用时实现代码:
- - (void) factorial
- {
- NSString *path = [[NSBundlemainBundle]pathForResource:@"test"ofType:@"js"];
- NSString *testScript = [NSStringstringWithContentsOfFile:pathencoding:NSUTF8StringEncodingerror:nil];
- JSContext *context = [[JSContextalloc]init];
- [context evaluateScript:testScript];
- JSValue *function = context[@"factorial"];
- JSValue *result = [function callWithArguments:@[@10]];
- NSLog(@"factorial(10) = %d", [resulttoInt32]);
- }
这样就计算出了10的阶乘。
注意:如果运行结果不正确,注意js文件是否已经加到项目的Buddle Resources中
二、JavaScript → Objective-C
• Two ways to interact with Objective-C from JavaScript (可以通过两种方式在 JavaScript 中调用 Objective-C)
■ Blocks :JS functions (对应 JS 函数)
■ JSExport protocol :JS objects (对应 JS 对象)
(1)Blocks
- - (void) testMakeUIColor
- {
- JSContext *context = [[JSContextalloc]init];
- context[@"creatUIColor"] = ^(NSDictionary *rgbColor){
- return [UIColor colorWithRed:([rgbColor[@"red"] floatValue] /255.0)
- green:([rgbColor[@"green"]floatValue] /255.0)
- blue:([rgbColor[@"blue"]floatValue] /255.0)
- alpha:1];
- };
- JSValue *color = [contextevaluateScript:@"makeUIColor({red: 150, green: 150, blue: 200})"];
- NSLog(@"color:%@",[colortoObject]);
- }
注意:
1、Avoid capturing JSValues, Prefer passing as arguments.(不要在 Block 中直接使用外面的 JSValue 对象, 把 JSValue 当做参数来传进 Block 中。)
2、Avoid capturing JSContexts, Use + [JSContext currentContext] (避免循引用,不要在 Block 中直接引用使用外面的 JSContext 对象,应该用[JSContext currentContext];)
错误的做法:
正确的做法:
(2)JSExport protocol
首先引入
#import <objc/runtime.h>
实例代码1: JS代码设置Button 的 title
- @protocol UIButtonExport <JSExport>
- - (void)setTitle:(NSString *)title forState:(UIControlState)state;
- @end
- - (void) test
- {
- class_addProtocol([UIButtonclass],@protocol(UIButtonExport));
- UIButton *button = [UIButtonbuttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
- [button setTitle:@"Hello Objective-C"forState:UIControlStateNormal];
- button.frame = CGRectMake(20,40,280,40);
- JSContext *context = [[JSContextalloc]init];
- context[@"button"] = button;
- [context evaluateScript:@"button.setTitleForState('Hello JavaScript', 0)"];
- [self.view addSubview:button];
- }
说明:
上面代码中,我们申明一个 UIButtonExport 协议,该协议继承于 JSExport,并将setTitle:forState:方法开放到该协议中(只有 JSExport 协议中的方法才能被 JavaScript 识别),然后通过运行时让 UIButton 遵循 UIButtonExport 协议。这样你就可以在 JS 中为 Button 设置 title 了,需要说明一点的是,在 JS 中方法的命名规则与 Objective-C 中有点不一样,如 Objective-C 中的方法-(void)setX:(id)x Y:(id)y Z:(id)z;,加入到 JSExport 协议中,在 JS 中调用就得是setXYZ(x, y, z);,当然如果你不想根据这种命名转换规则,你也可以通过 JSExport.h 中的方法来修改:
#define JSExportAs(PropertyName, Selector) \
@optional Selector __JS_EXPORT_AS__##PropertyName:(id)argument; @required Selector
#endif
如 setX:Y:Z 方法,我们可以给他重命名,让 JS 中通过 set3D(x,y,z) 来调用
- (void)setX:(id)x Y:(id)y Z:(id)z
);
实例代码2:
a、新建类 NativeObject,代码实现L:
.h代码:
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @import JavaScriptCore;
- @protocol NativeObjectExport <JSExport>
- -(void)log:(NSString*)string;
- @end
- @interface NativeObject : NSObject <NativeObjectExport>
- @end
- .m代码:
- #import "NativeObject.h"
- @implementation NativeObject
- -(void)log:(NSString*)string {
- NSLog(@"js: %@", string);
- }
- @end
- 调用代码:
- - (void) testLog
- {
- JSContext *context = [[JSContextalloc]init];
- context[@"nativeObject"] = [[NativeObjectalloc]init];
- [context evaluateScript:@"nativeObject.log(\"Hello Javascript\")"];
- }
三、Memory management
1• Objective-C uses ARC(OC 使用ARC机制)
2• JavaScriptCore uses garbage collection (JS 使用垃圾回收机制)
■ All references are strong (JS中全部都是“强引用”)
3• API memory management is mostly automatic
4• Two situations that require extra attention: (几乎SDK已经做好了很多事情,所以开发者只需要重点掌握以下亮点)
■ Storing JavaScript values in Objective-C objects
■ Adding JavaScript fields to Objective-C objects
(英文文档只要被翻译了,就难免失去原有的含义,尽量不翻译~)
根据官方文档关于JS-OC内存管理总结:由于JS中全部都是强引用,如果JS 与 OC互相引用时,就要防止OC也强引用JS,这样会形成引用循环,所以OC要想办法弱引用,但弱引用会被系统释放,所以把可能被释放的对象放到一个容器中来防止对象被被错误释放。
看代码(一):
JS:
function ClickHandler(button, callback) {
this.button = button;
this.button.onClickHandler = this;
this.handleEvent = callback;
};
OC:
@implementation MyButton
- (void)setOnClickHandler:(JSValue *)handler
{
_onClickHandler = handler; // Retain cycle
}
@end
如果直接保存 handler,就会出现内存泄露,因为 JS 中引用 button 对象是强引用,如果 Button 也用强引用来保存 JS 中的 handler,这就导致了 循环引用。我们没法改变 JavaScript 中的强引用机制,只能在 Objective-C 中弱引用 handler,为了防止 onclick handler 被错误释放, JavaScriptCore 给出的解决方案如下:
- (void)setOnClickHandler:(JSValue *)handler
{
_onClickHandler = [JSManagedValue managedValueWithValue:handler];
[_context.virtualMachine addManagedReference:_onClickHandler
withOwner:self]
}
代码(二):
- (void)loadColorsPlugin
{
// Load the plugin script from the bundle.
NSString *path = [[NSBundlemainBundle]pathForResource:@"colors"ofType:@"js"];
NSString *pluginScript = [NSStringstringWithContentsOfFile:pathencoding:NSUTF8StringEncodingerror:nil];
_context = [[JSContextalloc]init];
// We insert the AppDelegate into the global object so that when we call
// -addManagedReference:withOwner: for the plugin object we're about to load
// and pass the AppDelegate as the owner, the AppDelegate itself is reachable from
// within JavaScript. If we didn't do this, the AppDelegate wouldn't be reachable
// from JavaScript, and there wouldn't be anything keeping the plugin object alive.
_context[@"AppDelegate"] =self;
// Insert a block so that the plugin can create NSColors to return to us later.
_context[@"makeNSColor"] = ^(NSDictionary *rgb){
return [NSColorcolorWithRed:[rgb[@"red"]floatValue] / 255.0f
green:[rgb[@"green"]floatValue] /255.0f
blue:[rgb[@"blue"]floatValue] /255.0f
alpha:1.0f];
};
JSValue *plugin = [_contextevaluateScript:pluginScript];
_colorPlugin = [JSManagedValuemanagedValueWithValue:plugin];
[_context.virtualMachineaddManagedReference:_colorPluginwithOwner:self];
[self.windowsetDelegate:self];
}
注意:
JSManagedValue:
The primary use case for JSManagedValue is for safely referencing JSValues
from the Objective-C heap. It is incorrect to store a JSValue into an
Objective-C heap object, as this can very easily create a reference cycle,
keeping the entire JSContext alive.
(将 JSValue 转为 JSManagedValue 类型后,可以添加到 JSVirtualMachine 对象中,这样能够保证你在使用过程中 JSValue 对象不会被释放掉,当你不再需要该 JSValue 对象后,从 JSVirtualMachine 中移除该 JSManagedValue 对象,JSValue 对象就会被释放并置空。)
JSVirtualMachine:
All instances of JSContext are associated with a single JSVirtualMachine. The
virtual machine provides an "object space" or set of execution resources.(JSVirtualMachine就是一个用于保存弱引用对象的数组,加入该数组的弱引用对象因为会被该数组 retain,所以保证了使用时不会被释放,当数组里的对象不再需要时,就从数组中移除,没有了引用的对象就会被系统释放。)
四、Threading
• API is thread safe• Locking granularity is JSVirtualMachine
■ Use separate JSVirtualMachines for concurrency/parallelism
五、JavaScriptCore C API
JSValue ↔ JSValueRef :
JSValueRef valueRef = XXX;
JSValue *value = [JSValue valueWithJSValueRef:valueRef inContext:context];
JSValue *value = XXX;
JSValueRef valueRef = [value JSValueRef];
JSContext ↔ JSGlobalContextRef :
JSGlobalContextRef ctx = XXX;
JSContext *context = [JSContext contextWithJSGlobalContextRef:ctx];
JSContext *context = XXX;
JSGlobalContextRef ctx = [context JSGlobalContextRef];
五、JavaScriptCore with a WebView (Mac)
暂不讨论,Demos下载中有项目源码。
参考资料:
https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Carbon/Reference/ WebKit_JavaScriptCore_Ref/
https://developer.apple.com/wwdc/schedule/details.php?id=615
https://github.com/zynga/jsbindings
https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Reference/WebKit/Protocols/WebScripting_Protocol/Reference/Reference.html
https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Reference/WebKit/Classes/WebScriptObject_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/doc/c_ref/WebScriptObject
Demos下载直通车:http://pan.baidu.com/s/14AIAq(其中 TestJS 项目为本文测试使用项目)