docker容器的常用操作
容器开机自动启动
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --restart always --name web1 nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
bf5952930446: Pull complete
cb9a6de05e5a: Pull complete
9513ea0afb93: Pull complete
b49ea07d2e93: Pull complete
a5e4a503d449: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b0ad43f7ee5edbc0effbc14645ae7055e21bc1973aee5150745632a24a752661
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
fcfe95a428787a565138621a7dbdd40b8c443a209b83cf9e3306a9680af23d33
查看容器的主机名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --rm busybox
/ # hostname
5e08db2c5374
在容器启动时注入主机名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm --hostname node1 busybox
/ # hostname
node1
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2 node1 注入主机名时会自动创建主机名到IP的映射关系
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.30.2
nameserver 114.114.114.114
/ # ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (14.215.177.39): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39: seq=0 ttl=127 time=24.438 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39: seq=1 ttl=127 time=23.903 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39: seq=2 ttl=127 time=27.331 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39: seq=3 ttl=127 time=24.119 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39: seq=4 ttl=127 time=23.485 ms
手动指定容器要使用的DNS
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm --hostname node1 --dns 8.8.8.8 busybox
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain
nameserver 8.8.8.8
手动往/etc/hosts文件中注入主机名到IP地址的映射
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --hostname node1 --add-host www.a.com:1.1.1.1 --rm busybox
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
1.1.1.1 www.a.com
172.17.0.2 node1
开放容器端口
执行docker run的时候有个-p选项，可以将容器中的应用端口映射到宿主机中，从而实现让外部主机可以通过访问宿主机的某端口来访问容器内应用的目的。
-p选项能够使用多次，其所能够暴露的端口必须是容器确实在监听的端口。
-p选项的使用格式：
- p
将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口 - -p :
将容器端口映射至指定的主机端口 - -p ::
将指定的容器端口映射至主机指定的动态端口 - -p ::
将指定的容器端口映射至主机指定的端口
动态端口指的是随机端口，具体的映射结果可使用docker port命令查看。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web2 -p 80 nginx
由此可见，容器的80端口被暴露到了宿主机的32769端口上，此时我们在宿主机上访问一下这个端口看是否能访问到容器内的站点
[root@localhost ~]# docker port web2
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768
由此可见，容器的80端口被暴露到了宿主机的32769端口上，此时我们在宿主机上访问一下这个端口看是否能访问到容器内的站点
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.30.100:32768
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
iptables防火墙规则将随容器的创建自动生成，随容器的删除自动删除规则。
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 78 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 78 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 332 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 60 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 !127.0.0.0/8 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 6 packets, 392 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 MASQUERADE all -- * !docker0 172.17.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 MASQUERADE tcp -- * * 172.17.0.3 172.17.0.3 tcp dpt:80
Chain DOCKER (2 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 RETURN all -- docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
1 60 DNAT tcp -- !docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:32768 to:172.17.0.3:80
将容器端口映射到指定IP的随机端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 192.168.30.130::80 nginx
在另一个终端上查看端口映射情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 192.168.30.130:32768
将容器端口映射到宿主机的指定端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 80:80 nginx
在另一个终端上查看端口映射情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80
自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息
官方文档相关配置
自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
"bip": "192.168.1.1/24"
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1f:19:50 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.30.128/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
valid_lft 1465sec preferred_lft 1465sec
inet 192.168.30.130/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1f:1950/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:1f:ff:97:5e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.1/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:1fff:feff:975e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
核心选项为bip，即bridge ip之意，用于指定docker0桥自身的IP地址；其它选项可通过此地址计算得出。
docker远程连接
dockerd守护进程的C/S，其默认仅监听Unix Socket格式的地址(/var/run/docker.sock)，如果要使用TCP套接字，则需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件，添加如下内容，然后重启docker服务：
"hosts": ["tcp://0.0.0.0:2375", "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"]
在客户端上向dockerd直接传递“-H|–host”选项指定要控制哪台主机上的docker容器
docker -H 192.168.10.145:2375 ps
docker创建自定义桥
创建一个额外的自定义桥，区别于docker0
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
398c0b2ceb68 bridge bridge local
56892889d119 host host local
d325b58d6e9f none null local
[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge --subnet "192.168.2.0/24" --gateway "192.168.2.1" br0
df9ebe2b2c4dd993ea8ac038df306fdde7a82ddf69b0dec41129d4ef0c7371ab
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
df9ebe2b2c4d br0 bridge local
398c0b2ceb68 bridge bridge local
56892889d119 host host local
d325b58d6e9f none null local
使用新创建的自定义桥来创建容器：
[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge --subnet "192.168.2.0/24" --gateway "192.168.2.1" br0
df9ebe2b2c4dd993ea8ac038df306fdde7a82ddf69b0dec41129d4ef0c7371ab
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
df9ebe2b2c4d br0 bridge local
398c0b2ceb68 bridge bridge local
56892889d119 host host local
d325b58d6e9f none null local
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --network br0 busybox
Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
61c5ed1cbdf8: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4f47c01fa91355af2865ac10fef5bf6ec9c7f42ad2321377c21e844427972977
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:02:02
inet addr:192.168.2.2 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1016 (1016.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
再创建一个容器，使用默认的bridge桥：
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name b2 -it busybox
/ # ls
bin dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:04
inet addr:172.17.0.4 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:578 (578.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
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