第十四节 构造方法、静态成员、静态构造函数、析构函数和构造重载

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案例1：构造方法

 class Student
    {
        //构造方法是一个与类名相同而且无返回值的方法
        //构造方法的作用初始化成员变量
        //定义方式:
        //访问修饰符 构造方法名(参数列表)
        //{
        //     //方法主体 
        //}

        public Student(string name,int age ,string hobby,int popularity)
        {
            //this:当前实例(new的对象是谁就是谁的实例)
            this.Name = name;
            this.Age = age;
            this.Hobby = hobby;
            this.Popularity = popularity;
        }
        private string name;
        public string Name
        { 
            set{name=value;}
            get{return name;}    
        }
        private int age;
        public int Age
        {
            set {age=value; }
            get { return age;}
        }
        private string hobby;
        public string Hobby
        {
            set{hobby=value;}
            get{return hobby;}
        }
        private int popularity;
        public int Popularity
        {
            set { popularity = value; }
            get { return popularity; }
        }

        public void Att()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("姓名:{0}\t年龄:{1}\t爱好:{2}\t受欢迎度:{3}",name,age,hobby,popularity);
        }
    }

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案例1.1

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student zhang = new Student("张三", 25, "唱唱歌", 100);
            zhang.Att();

            Student zhou = new Student("周杰杰", 29, "打打双结棍", 110);
            zhou.Att();


            Console.ReadKey();


        }
    }

 

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案例2  静态成员

class StaticExample
    {
        //定义静态变量，静态成员属于类不属于实例，静态成员通过类名调用(类名.静态成员)

        public static int counter;

        

        public StaticExample()
        {
            counter++;
        }

        public static void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("StaticExample类创建了{0}个类",counter);
        }

    }

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案例2.1 

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            StaticExample s1 = new StaticExample();
            StaticExample s2 = new StaticExample();
            StaticExample s3 = new StaticExample();
            StaticExample s4 = new StaticExample();

 

            StaticExample.Display();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

 

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案例3  静态构造函数

 class Bus
    {
        static int count;

        //在构造函数前加static 关键字为静态构造函数(注:静态构造函数前面不能加访问修饰符)
        //静态构造函数的作用:初始化静态成员，静态构造函数永远只能被执行一次
        //静态构造函数必须是无参数
        static Bus()
        {
            count = 10;
            Console.WriteLine("Bus类的静态构造函数被调用....");
        }

        public static void Drive()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("公共汽车启动了........");
        }

    }

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案例3.1

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Bus.Drive();
            Bus.Drive();
            Bus.Drive();
            Bus.Drive();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

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案例4 

static class TempratureCovert
    {
        public static double CtoF(double c)//c：摄氏 f:华氏
        {
            return (c * 9 / 5) + 32;
        }

        public static double FtoC(double f)
        {
            return (f - 32) * 5 / 9;
        }
    }

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案例4.1

 static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("请输入(1,2)");
            Console.WriteLine("1.摄氏转华氏");
            Console.WriteLine("2.华氏转摄氏");
            string operation = Console.ReadLine();

            double c;
            double f;
            switch (operation)
            { 
                case "1":
                    Console.Write("请输入摄氏温度:");
                    c = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                    f=TempratureCovert.CtoF(c);
                    Console.WriteLine("摄氏温度{0}转华氏温度后{1}", c, f);
                    break;


                case "2":
                    Console.Write("请输入华氏温度:");
                   f= double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                    c = TempratureCovert.FtoC(f);
                    Console.WriteLine("华氏温度{0}转摄氏温度后{1}", f, c);
                    break;
                default:
                    Console.WriteLine("无效的选择.........");
                    break;

            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

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案例5析构函数
class Destructor
    {
        //对象销毁，调用析构函数
        int num1, num2, total;
        public Destructor(int num1,int num2)
        {
            this.num1 = num1;
            this.num2 = num2;
        }

        public void Add()
        {
            total = num1 + num2;
            Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}", num1, num2, total);
        }
        //定义析构函数
        ~Destructor()//  ~  鼻音
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Destructor析构被调用............");
        
        }

    }

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案例5.1 

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //按ctrl+F5 调试
            Destructor d = new Destructor(10,5);
            d.Add();

        }
    }

 

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案例6  构造重载

 class Employee
    {
        public Employee(string zw,decimal xs,string bm)
        {
            this.Zw = zw;
            this.Xs = xs;
            this.Bm = bm;
        }

        public Employee(string xm,string zw, decimal xs, string bm)
            : this(zw, xs, bm)     //: 等于调用前面的
        {
            this.Xm = xm;
        }

        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("姓名:{0},职位:{1},薪水:{2},部门:{3}", xm, zw, xs, bm);
        
        }

        private string xm="张三";
        public string Xm
        {
             
            set { xm = value; }
            get {return xm; }
        }
        private string zw="职员";
        public string Zw
        {
            set { zw = value; }
            get { return zw; }
        }
        private decimal xs;
        public decimal Xs
        {
            set {
                if (zw.Equals("职员"))
                {
                    if (value < 3000)
                    {
                        xs = value;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        xs = 3000;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    xs = value;

                
                }
                
               
            
            }
            get { return xs; }
        }
        private string bm;

        public string Bm
        {
            set { bm = value; }
            get { return bm; }
        }

        public string zwjs(string f1)
        {
            return f1;
        }

    }

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案例6.1

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Employee emp1 = new Employee("软件工程师", 5000, "研发部");
            emp1.Display();

            Employee emp2 = new Employee("李四", "工程师", 2500, "销售部");
            emp2.Display();

            Console.ReadKey();       

        }
    }

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案例7 命名空间导入以及类的调用

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
//导入命名空间
using adminDepartment;
namespace e7
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            manager m1 = new manager();//就能调用或者不导入写 adminDepartment.manager
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}
namespace adminDepartment
{
    class manager
    {
        public void dis()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是管理部门的经理");
        }
    }

}

namespace ITDepartment
{
    class manager
    {
        public void dis()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是IT部门的经理");
        }
    }
}

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案例8.1

 namespace Sam
{
    class Montor

    {
        public void ListModel()
        { 
            Console.WriteLine("Sam的型号 15，16，19");
        }

    }
}

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案例8.2

namespace Sony
{
    class Monitor
    {
        public void ListModel()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Sony显示器的型号：12，54，63");
        }
    }
}

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案例8.3

namespace e8
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 明明空间
    /// </summary>
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Sony.Monitor sm = new Sony.Monitor();
            sm.ListModel();
            Sam.Montor mm = new Sam.Montor();
            mm.ListModel();
            Console.ReadKey();

           
        }
    }
}

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lijie007jh/archive/2012/06/20/2556961.html