Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署

本节内容

 

uwsgi 介绍

uwsgi安装使用

nginx安装配置

django with nginx

 

 

如何在生产上部署Django?

老男孩教育python培训Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。

 

 

 

uwsgi介绍

uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。

1. WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx，uWSGI等服务器）与web应用（如用Flask框架写的程序）通信的一种规范。
2. uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
3. 而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
4. uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

 

uwsgi性能非常高

 

uWSGI的主要特点如下

1. 超快的性能
2. 低内存占用（实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
3. 多app管理（终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-）
4. 详尽的日志功能（可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈）
5. 高度可定制（内存大小限制，服务一定次数后重启等）

总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东，正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的：

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

 

Uwsgi 安装使用

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# Install the latest stable release: pip install uwsgi # ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release, pip install https: / / projects.unbit.it / downloads / uwsgi - lts.tar.gz

 

基本测试

Create a file called test.py:

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# test.py def  application(env, start_response):      start_response( '200 OK' , [( 'Content-Type' , 'text/html' )])      return  [b "Hello World" ]  # python3      #return ["Hello World"] # python2

运行

1	uwsgi  - - http : 8000  - - wsgi - file  test.py

 

用uwsgi 启动django

1	uwsgi  - - http : 8000  - - module mysite.wsgi

　　

可以把参数写到配置文件里

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alex@alex - ubuntu:~ / uwsgi - test$ more crazye - uwsgi.ini     [uwsgi] http  =  : 9000 #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx socket  =  127.0 . 0.1 : 8001 # the base directory (full path) chdir  =  / home / alex / CrazyEye # Django's wsgi file wsgi - file  =  CrazyEye / wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes processes  =  4 #thread numbers startched in each worker process threads  =  2   #monitor uwsgi status stats  =  127.0 . 0.1 : 9191 # clear environment on exit vacuum           =  true

启动

1	/ usr / local / bin / uwsgi crazye - uwsgi.ini

　　

Nginx安装使用　　

1 2	sudo apt - get install nginx sudo  / etc / init.d / nginx start     # start nginx

 

为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

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# mysite_nginx.conf   # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django {      # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket      server  127.0 . 0.1 : 8001 ;  # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) }   # configuration of the server server {      # the port your site will be served on      listen       8000 ;      # the domain name it will serve for      server_name .example.com;  # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN      charset     utf - 8 ;        # max upload size      client_max_body_size  75M ;    # adjust to taste        # Django media      location  / media  {          alias  / path / to / your / mysite / media;   # your Django project's media files - amend as required      }        location  / static {          alias  / path / to / your / mysite / static;  # your Django project's static files - amend as required      }        # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.      location  /  {          uwsgi_pass  django;          include      / path / to / your / mysite / uwsgi_params;  # the uwsgi_params file you installed      } }

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

1	sudo ln  - s ~ / path / to / your / mysite / mysite_nginx.conf  / etc / nginx / sites - enabled /

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

1	STATIC_ROOT  =  os.path.join(BASE_DIR,  "static/" )

and then run

1	python manage.py collectstatic

　　

此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦！

　　
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