查看MYSQL字符集

MySQL 乱码的根源是的 MySQL 字符集设置不当的问题，本文汇总了有关查看 MySQL 字符集的命令。包括查看 MySQL 数据库服务器字符集、查看 MySQL 数据库字符集，以及数据表和字段的字符集、当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集等。

一、查看 MySQL 数据库服务器和数据库字符集。

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

| Variable_name            | Value                               |......

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

| character_set_client     | utf8                                |......   -- 客户端字符集

| character_set_connection | utf8                                |......

| character_set_database   | utf8                                |......   -- 数据库字符集

| character_set_filesystem | binary                              |......

| character_set_results    | utf8                                |......

| character_set_server     | utf8                                |......   -- 服务器字符集

| character_set_system     | utf8                                |......

| character_sets_dir       | D:/MySQL Server 5.0/share/charsets/ |......

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------二、查看 MySQL 数据表（table） 的字符集。

mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

| Name      | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation       |......

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

| countries | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    |   11 | utf8_general_ci |......

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------三、查看 MySQL 数据列（column）的字符集。

mysql> show full columns from countries;

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

| Field                | Type        | Collation       | .......

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

| countries_id         | int(11)     | NULL            | .......

| countries_name       | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......

| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2)     | utf8_general_ci | .......

| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3)     | utf8_general_ci | .......

| address_format_id    | int(11)     | NULL            | .......

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------四、查看当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集。

mysql> show charset;

mysql> show char set;

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| Charset  | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |

| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |

| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |

| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |

| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |

| latin1   | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |

| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |

| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |

| ascii    | US ASCII                    | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |

| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese             | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |

| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese          | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |

| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew           | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |

| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                 | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |

| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean               | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |

| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian            | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |

| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese   | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |

| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek            | greek_general_ci    |      1 |

| cp1250   | Windows Central European    | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |

| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese      | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |

| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish          | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |

| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian          | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |

| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |

| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode               | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |

| cp866    | DOS Russian                 | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |

| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak  | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |

| macce    | Mac Central European        | macce_general_ci    |      1 |

| macroman | Mac West European           | macroman_general_ci |      1 |

| cp852    | DOS Central European        | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |

| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic          | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |

| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic            | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |

| cp1256   | Windows Arabic              | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |

| cp1257   | Windows Baltic              | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |

| binary   | Binary pseudo charset       | binary              |      1 |

| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian            | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |

| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese   | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |

| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese   | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，适用于 Windows & Linux。

设置字符集：

Windows下

在mysql的安装文件里找到my.ini文件，修改[mysql]下default-character-set=utf8

 

MySQL字符集修改命令

1.修改服务器级

a. 临时更改： mysql>SET GLOBAL character_set_server=utf8;

b. 永久更改：shell>vi /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]default-character-set=utf8

2.修改数据库级

a. 临时更改： mysql>SET GLOBAL character_set_database=utf8;

b. 永久更改：改了服务器级就可以了

3.修改表级 mysql>ALTER TABLE table_name DEFAULT CHARSET utf8; 更改了后永久生效

4. 修改列级修改示例： mysql>ALTER TABLE `products` CHANGE `products_model` `products_model` VARCHAR( 20 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL; 更改了后永久生效

5.更改连接字符集

a. 临时更改：mysql> SET NAMES utf8;

b. 永久更改： shell>vi /etc/my.cnf在[client]中增加：default-character-set=utf8