学生档案管理系统（c++）代码实现

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
/*
* 信息包括学号、姓名、专业、四门课成绩、总分、名次；
*/
struct Student {
	string name;
    int number=1000;//学号
	string major;//专业
	double score[4];//四门课的成绩
	double sumscore=-1;//总分
	int rank=-1;//名次
	Student* next=nullptr;
};
void exchange(Student* p, Student* q);//俩节点仅交换属性值
void getTxt();
void student_information(Student* student);
/*
系统可对学生信息浏览、增加、删除和修改；
按学生成绩确定名次及信息输出，双向冒泡排序、希尔排序、快速排序、堆排序。
要求可对学生信息查询，根据学号或姓名进行查找；
信息修改仅可修改四门课成绩；
文件存取学生信息。
* 考虑用链表来存储、访问数据
* 考虑头插法进行链表的增长
*/
class Basement {
	Student* first ;//头指针
public:
	Basement();//构造函数
	void Load();//将文本中的信息加载进来
	void Save();//将信息保存到文本文件中
	void View();//从链表头部开始查看学生信息
	void Input();//添加某一学生信息
	void Delete();//删除某一学生
	void Modify();//修改某一学生的四门成绩
	void Sort();//进行学生排名（选择排序法）
	void BubbleSort();//冒泡排序法
	void ShellSort();//希尔排序法
	void QuickSort();//快速排序
	void HeapSort();//堆排序
	void Enquire();//某一具体学生信息查询
	void Rand_Creat(int n);//随机生成n个学生在链表里面
	Student *findByName(string name);//通过学生名字确定该学生
	Student *findByNumber(int number);//通过学号确定该学生
	bool Number_Judge(int number);//学号查重
	//~Basement();//析构函数，防止内存泄漏

};
/*
* 冒泡排序法
*/
void Basement::BubbleSort() {
	Student* p = first;
}
/*
* 堆排序
*/
void Basement::HeapSort() {

}
/*
* 快速排序
*/
void Basement::QuickSort() {

}
/*
* 希尔排序
*/
void Basement::ShellSort() {

}
/*
* 析构函数，防止内存泄漏
*/
/*
Basement::~Basement() {
	Student* p = first;
	Student* q = p->next;
	while (q) {
		delete p;
		p =q;
		q = q->next;
	}
	delete p;
}
*/
/*
* 随机生成n个学生在链表里面
*/
void Basement::Rand_Creat(int n) {
	int i = 0;
	while (i < n) {
		Student* student = new Student;
		student->major = "随机生成";
		student->name = "随机生成";
		int number=1000;
		while (!Number_Judge(number)) {
			number++;
		}
		student->number = number;
		student->score[1] = rand() % 40 + 60;
		student->score[2] = rand() % 40 + 60;
		student->score[3] = rand() % 40 + 60;
		student->score[0] = rand() % 40 + 60;
		student->sumscore = student->score[0] + student->score[1] + student->score[2] + student->score[3];
		student->next = first->next;
		first->next = student;
		i++;
	}
}
/*
* 学号查询是否重合
*/
bool Basement::Number_Judge(int number) {
	Student *p = first->next;
	while (p) {
		if (p->number == number)
			return false;
		p = p->next;
	}
	return true;
}
/*
* 将文本文件的信息加载进来
*/
void Basement::Load() {
	cout << "是否需要随机生成学生信息(1.是（按其它任意键不生成）)" << endl;
	string choose;
	cin >> choose;
	if (choose == "1") {
		cout << "请输入需要生成多少随机学生" << endl;
		int n;
		cin >> n;
		Rand_Creat(n);
	}
}
/*
* 将信息保存到文本文件中
*/
void Basement::Save() {
	std::ofstream outFile;//打开文件
	outFile.open("D:\\Test.txt");
	Student* p = first->next;
	while (p) {//写入数据
		outFile << p->major << '\t' << p->name << '\t' << p->number << '\t' << p->score[0] << '\t' << p->score[1] << '\t' << p->score[2] << '\t' << p->score[3] << '\t' << p->sumscore << endl;
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout << "数据保存成功！" << endl;

}
/*
* 添加某一学生信息
*/
void Basement::Input() {
	Student* new_student;
	new_student = new Student;
	new_student->next = nullptr;
	cout << "请输入新学生姓名" << endl;
	cin >> new_student->name;
	cout << "请输入新学生学号" << endl;
a: {
	cin >> new_student->number;
	if (!Number_Judge(new_student->number)) {
		cout << "学号重复,请重新输入!"<<endl;
		goto a;
	}
	}
cout << "请输入新的学生专业" << endl;
cin >> new_student->major;
cout << "请输入新的学生四门课的成绩" << endl;
cin >> new_student->score[0] >> new_student->score[1] >> new_student->score[2] >> new_student->score[3];
new_student->sumscore = new_student->score[0] + new_student->score[1] + new_student->score[2] + new_student->score[3];
new_student->next = first->next;
first->next = new_student;
cout << "添加成功!是否要继续添加学生：1.继续（按其它任意键退出该功能）" << endl;
string choose;
cin >> choose;
if (choose == "1")
Input();
else cout << "已成功退出该功能！";
}
/*
* 构造函数
* 头指针悬空
*/
Basement::Basement() {
	first = new Student;
	first->next =NULL;
	first->major = "";
	first->name = "";
	first->number = -1;

}
/*
* 从链表头开始查询学生信息
*/
void Basement::View() {
	cout <<"学生学号"<< '\t';
	cout <<"学生姓名"<< '\t';
	cout <<"学生专业" << '\t';
	cout << "课程一" << '\t';
	cout << "课程二" << '\t';
	cout << "课程三" << '\t';
	cout << "课程四" << '\t';
	cout << "总  分" << '\t';
	cout << "排  名" << '\t';
	cout << endl;
	Student* p = first->next;
	while (p) {
		student_information(p);
		p = p->next;
	}
}
/*
* 通过学号确定该学生
*/
Student* Basement::findByNumber(int number){
	Student* p = first->next;
	while (p!=NULL)
	{
		if (p->number == number)return p;//此时p为number所对应的学生地址
		else p = p->next;
	}
	return p;//此时p为null
}
/*
* 通过姓名确定该学生
*/
Student *Basement::findByName(string name) {
	Student* p = first->next;
	do {
		if (p->name == name)return p;//此时p为name对应的学生地址
		else p = p->next;
	} while (p);
	return p;//此时p为null
}
/*
* 某一学生的所有信息展示
*/
void student_information(Student *student) {
	cout << student->number << '\t';
	cout << student->name << '\t';
	cout << student->major << '\t';
	cout << student->score[0] << '\t';
	cout << student->score[1] << '\t';
	cout << student->score[2] << '\t';
	cout << student->score[3] << '\t';
	cout << student->sumscore << '\t';
	cout << student->rank << '\t';
	cout << endl;
}

/*
* 修改学生的成绩
*/
void Basement::Modify() {
	cout << "请输入要修改的学生的学号：" << endl;
	int number;
	cin >> number;
	Student * p= findByNumber(number);
	if (p != nullptr) {
		cout << "请输入新的四门课成绩：" << endl;
		cin >> p->score[0] >> p->score[1] >> p->score[2] >> p->score[3];
		p->sumscore = p->score[0] + p->score[1] + p->score[2] + p->score[3];
		cout << "修改成功！"<<endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "没有该学号，请选择（1）重新输入或按 随机键 退出该功能"<<endl;
		string choose;
		cin >> choose;
		if (choose == "1") {
			Modify();
		}
		else {
			cout << "您已成功退出修改学生成绩的功能"<<endl;
		}
	}
}
/*
* 删除某一学生的信息
*/
void Basement::Delete() {
	cout << "请输入需要删除的学生的学号：" << endl;
	int number;
	cin >> number;
	Student * p = findByNumber(number);
	if(p!=NULL){//在链表里面找到了该学生
		Student* q = first;
		while(q->next!=p){
			q = q->next;
		}
		q->next = p->next;
		delete p;//到此删除节点成功
		cout << "删除成功！自动退出该功能。" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "没有找到该学生的信息,自动退出该功能。" << endl;

	}

}
/*
* 主菜单
* 登录系统后将磁盘文件中保存的学生成绩信息读取到内存中
* 保存学生成绩档案信息到文本文件
* 构造函数需要包含磁盘文件内容
*/
void menu(Basement base) {
	cout << "*****************"<<endl;
	cout << "*1.浏览学生信息 *" << endl;//按成绩排名+学生信息查询（按学号+按姓名）
	cout << "*2.学生信息修改 *" << endl;
	cout << "*3.新增学生信息 *" << endl;
	cout << "*4.删除学生信息 * " << endl;
	cout << "*5.查看具体学生 * " << endl;
	cout << "*6.进行学生排名 * " << endl;
	cout << "*0.退出该系统   *" << endl;
	cout << "*请选择:        *"<<endl;
	cout << "*****************" << endl;
	char choose;
	cin >> choose;//人进行选择(只能输入一个字符，否则可能退出系统)
	switch (choose)
	{
	case '0':cout << "已经成功退出了该系统" << endl;
		break;
	case '1'://浏览学生信息
		base.View();
		menu(base);
		break;
	case '2'://学生信息修改
		base.Modify();
		menu(base);
		break;
	case '3'://新增学生信息
		base.Input();
		menu(base);
		break;
	case '4'://删除学生信息
		base.Delete();
		menu(base);
		break;
	case '5'://某一具体学生信息查询
		base.Enquire();
		menu(base);
		break;
	case '6'://进行学生排名
		base.Sort();
		menu(base);
		break;
	default:
		cout << "输入非法，请重新选择"<<endl;
		menu(base);
		break;
	}
	
}

int main() {
	//getTxt();
	Basement base;
	base.Load();//把文本文件中的信息导入到数据结构里面
	menu(base);//主菜单
	cout << "是否保存操作结果?\t是（1）\t否（除‘1’以外任意键）" << endl;
	char choice;
	cin >> choice;
	if (choice == '1') {
		base.Save();//此处暂时未解决
		cout << "保存成功！"<< endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "成功退出系统！" << endl;
	}
}
/*
* 初始化一个文本文件
* 该文件可以用来没有数据时使用
* 本程序可用也可不用
*/
void getTxt() {
	char fileName[30], name[30];
	string major;
	int number;
	double score[4];
	//double sumscore;
	ofstream outstuf;//建立输出文件流对象
	cout << "Please input the name of students file:\n";
	cin >> fileName;//输入文件名
	outstuf.open(fileName, ios::out);//连接文件，指定打开方式
	if (!outstuf)//调入重载算符函数测试流 
	{
		cerr << "File could not be open." << endl;
		abort();
	}
	outstuf << "This is a file of students\n";//写入一行标题
	cout << "Input the number,name,majior,and score[4]:"
		<< "(Enter Ctrl+Z to end Input)\n?";
	while (cin >> number >> name >> major >> score[0] >> score[1]>>score[2]>>score[3]) {
		outstuf << number << '\t' << name << '\t' <<major << '\t' << score[0] << '\t' << score[1] << '\t' << score[2] << '\t' << score[3] << '\t' << (score[0]+score[1]+score[2]+score[3]) << '\n';//向流插入数据
		cout << "?";
	}
	outstuf.close();
}

/*
* 以app方式打开文件，向文件中追加数据
* 一个文本文件一旦建立之后，不能随意插入数据，但可以在文件尾部追加数据
*/
int Append(char* fileName)
{
	char name[30], ch;
	int number, score;
	ofstream outstuf(fileName, ios::app);//以追加方式打开文件
	if (!outstuf)
	{
		cerr << "File could not be open." << endl;
		return 0;//返回0表示文件不能打开
	}
	cout << "DO you want append record to " << fileName << "?(Y or N)\n";
	cin >> ch;//用户应答
	while (ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y')
	{
		cout << "Input the number, name, and score :\n";
		cin >> number >> name >> score;
		outstuf << number << '\t' << name << '\t' << score << '\n';//追加一个记录
		cout << "?(Y or N)";
		cin >> ch;//用户问答
		if (ch == 'N' || ch == 'n')
			cout << "Close file.\n";
	}
	outstuf.close();
	return 1;//返回1表示文件正常操作
}
/*
* 某一具体学生信息查询
*/
void Basement::Enquire() {
	cout << "请选择查询方式:\t1.输入姓名查询\t2输入学号查询"  <<endl;
	char choose;
	cin >> choose;
	if (choose == '1') {
		cout << "请输入学生的姓名："<<endl;
		string name;
		cin >> name;
		if (findByName(name)) {
			cout << "该学生的信息为："<<endl;
			student_information(findByName(name));
		}
		else {
			cout << "查无此人"<<endl;
		}
	}else if(choose=='2'){
		cout << "输入学生的学号：" << endl;
		int number;
		cin >> number;
		if (findByNumber(number)) {
			cout << "该学生的信息为：" << endl;
			student_information(findByNumber(number));
		}
		else {
			cout << "查无此人"<<endl;
		}
	}
	else {
		cout << "输入非法，已成功退出"<<endl;
	}
	
}
/*
* 选择排序法
* 根据总分对学生的成绩进行排名
*/
void Basement::Sort() {
	Student* p = first;
	Student* q = first;
	while (p->next) {
		p = p->next;
		q = p;
		Student *s = q;
		while (q->next) {
			q = q->next;
			if (s->sumscore < q->sumscore) 
				s = q;//s记录剩下节点中sumscore属性值最大的节点
		}
		exchange(s, p);//s和q互换各个属性值
	}
	p = first->next;
	int rank = 1;
	while (p) {
		p->rank = rank;
		rank++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout << "排序成功!"<<endl;
}
/*
* 俩节点仅互换值，不改指针
*/
void exchange(Student* p, Student* q) {
	Student* s = new Student;
	s->major=p->major;
	s->name=p->name;
	s->number=p->number;
	s->score[1] =p->score[1]  ;
	s->score[2] = p->score[2];
	s->score[3] = p->score[3];
	s->score[0] = p->score[0];
	s->sumscore = p->sumscore;
	p->major = q->major;
	p->name = q->name;
	p->number = q->number;
	p->score[0] = q->score[0];
	p->score[1] = q->score[1];
	p->score[2] = q->score[2];
	p->score[3] = q->score[3];
	p->sumscore = q->sumscore;
	q->major = s->major;
	q->name = s->name;
	q->number = s->number;
	q->score[0] = s->score[0];
	q->score[1] = s->score[1];
	q->score[2] = s->score[2];
	q->score[3] = s->score[3];
	q->sumscore = s->sumscore;
	delete s;
}