用类模板和字符串输入流就可以实现
#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
inline T fromString(const string &str)
{
istringstream is(str);
T v;
is >> v;
return v;
}
int main()
{
int v1 = fromString<int>("5");
cout << v1 << endl;
double v2 = fromString<double>("1.2");
cout << v2 << endl;
return 0;
}