科研舶来语

（1）state of art [1]

The origin of the concept of "state of the art" took place in the beginning of the twentieth century. The earliest use of the term "state of the art" documented by the Oxford English Dictionary dates back to 1910, from an engineering manual by Henry Harrison Suplee (1856-post 1943), an engineering graduate (University of Pennsylvania, 1876), titled Gas Turbine: progress in the design and construction of turbines operated by gases of combustion. The relevant passage reads: "In the present state of the art this is all that can be done". The term, "art", itself refers to the useful arts, skills and methods relating to practical subjects such as manufacture and craftsmanship, rather than in the sense of the performing arts and the fine arts.

Over time, use of the term increased in all fields where this kind of art has a significant role. In this relation it has been quoted by the author that "Although eighteenth century writers did not use the term, there was indeed in existence a collection of scientific and engineering knowledge and expertise that can be identified as the state of the art for that time".

Despite its actual meaning, which does not convey technology that is ahead of the industry, the phrase became so widely used in advertising that a 1985 article described it as "overused", stating that "t has no punch left and actually sounds like a lie". A 1994 essay listed it among "the same old tired clichés" that should be avoided in advertising.

总之，该词可翻译为(最)前沿水平

(2) plant、model、system [2]

plant=model=system(太绕了 不区分）,plant常翻译为控制对象

(3) candidate model=候选模型

用以分析问题需要进一步实验挑选或理论甄别的模型。

(4) LCO(limited circle oscillation(极限环振荡）=Self oscillation(自激振荡）

(5) wind up 结束

Reference:

[1] 知乎：state of art

[2] 知乎：plant、model