FutureTask介绍

java.util.concurrent.FutureTask<V>

 

介绍：

FutureTask实现了RunnableFuture接口，具备了Runnable和Future的所有特性。    Future提供了一种获得异步线程运行结果的机制。可以通过调用get方法得到结果，如果线程还未结束，会阻塞当前线程直至结果返回或中断发生。Future一般和Callable以及ExecutorService配合使用。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FutureTask中也是用AQS处理同步机制。实现原理非常简单就是用了一个共享锁，然后在其内部做了Task的一些状态管理。 

 

/*
 *  这个类实现了同步机制 定义了Task的状态。
 */
private final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -7828117401763700385L;

        /** State value representing that task is running */
        private static final int RUNNING   = 1;
        /** State value representing that task ran */
        private static final int RAN       = 2;
        /** State value representing that task was cancelled */
        private static final int CANCELLED = 4;

        /** The underlying callable */
        private final Callable<V> callable;
        /** The result to return from get() */
        private V result;
        /** The exception to throw from get() */
        private Throwable exception;

        /**
         * The thread running task. When nulled after set/cancel, this
         * indicates that the results are accessible.  Must be
         * volatile, to ensure visibility upon completion.
         */
        private volatile Thread runner;

        Sync(Callable<V> callable) {
            this.callable = callable;
        }

        private boolean ranOrCancelled(int state) {
            return (state & (RAN | CANCELLED)) != 0;
        }

        /**
         * Implements AQS base acquire to succeed if ran or cancelled
         */
        protected int tryAcquireShared(int ignore) {
            return innerIsDone()? 1 : -1;
        }

        /**
         * Implements AQS base release to always signal after setting
         * final done status by nulling runner thread.
         */
        protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int ignore) {
            runner = null;
            return true;
        }

        boolean innerIsCancelled() {
            return getState() == CANCELLED;
        }

        boolean innerIsDone() {
            return ranOrCancelled(getState()) && runner == null;
        }
        /***
         *  Future的get方法调用此方法，当Result没有返回的时候，共享锁不会释放，所以，线程会被阻塞掉。
         */
        V innerGet() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
            acquireSharedInterruptibly(0);
            if (getState() == CANCELLED)
                throw new CancellationException();
            if (exception != null)
                throw new ExecutionException(exception);
            return result;
        }

        V innerGet(long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
            if (!tryAcquireSharedNanos(0, nanosTimeout))
                throw new TimeoutException();
            if (getState() == CANCELLED)
                throw new CancellationException();
            if (exception != null)
                throw new ExecutionException(exception);
            return result;
        }
        //设置Result。 V是由Callable返回的结果。
        void innerSet(V v) {
	    for (;;) {
		int s = getState();
		if (s == RAN)
		    return;
                if (s == CANCELLED) {
		    // aggressively release to set runner to null,
		    // in case we are racing with a cancel request
		    // that will try to interrupt runner
                    releaseShared(0);
                    return;
                }
		if (compareAndSetState(s, RAN)) {
                    result = v;
                    releaseShared(0);
                    done();
		    return;
                }
            }
        }
        //如果后台出现Exception时的处理
        void innerSetException(Throwable t) {
	    for (;;) {
		int s = getState();
		if (s == RAN)
		    return;
                if (s == CANCELLED) {
		    // aggressively release to set runner to null,
		    // in case we are racing with a cancel request
		    // that will try to interrupt runner
                    releaseShared(0);
                    return;
                }
		if (compareAndSetState(s, RAN)) {
                    exception = t;
                    result = null;
                    releaseShared(0);
                    done();
		    return;
                }
	    }
        }
        //调用cancel后的处理逻辑
        boolean innerCancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
	    for (;;) {
		int s = getState();
		if (ranOrCancelled(s))
		    return false;
		if (compareAndSetState(s, CANCELLED))
		    break;
	    }
            if (mayInterruptIfRunning) {
                Thread r = runner;
                if (r != null)
                    r.interrupt();
            }
            releaseShared(0);
            done();
            return true;
        }
        //Task的启动入口， 这里会将Task的状态置为Running状态，如果result返回改为RUN，抛出异常后状态改为RUN并且保存Exception现场。
        void innerRun() {
            if (!compareAndSetState(0, RUNNING))
                return;
            try {
                runner = Thread.currentThread();
                if (getState() == RUNNING) // recheck after setting thread
                    innerSet(callable.call());
                else
                    releaseShared(0); // cancel
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                innerSetException(ex);
            }
        }
         //Task启动入口，和上面一个不同，此方法不需要保存返回结果。
        boolean innerRunAndReset() {
            if (!compareAndSetState(0, RUNNING))
                return false;
            try {
                runner = Thread.currentThread();
                if (getState() == RUNNING)
                    callable.call(); // don't set result
                runner = null;
                return compareAndSetState(RUNNING, 0);
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                innerSetException(ex);
                return false;
            }
        }
    }