我们知道,四大域对象包括:pageContext、request、session和application,而pageContext有效范围为一个jsp页面,太小了,而application有效范围为整个web工程,又太大了。因此我们平时的开发中在域对象中共享数据主要是用request和session。
我们来搭建本博客的环境:
首先,创建一个 web 模块并配置好web.xml和部署Tomcat
其次,在webapp/WEB-INF/templates/
下创建index.html和target.html(名字任取)文件。
然后,编写跳转到首页index.html的请求控制器controller代码:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String testRequestMapping(){
return "index";
}
}
一、向 request 域对象共享数据
(一)使用ServletAPI向request域对象共享数据
案例:
controller:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testRequestByServletAPI")
public String testRequestByServletAPI(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("testRequestScope","hello servletAPI");
return "target";
}
}
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--这个是thymeleaf命名空间-->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是index.html<br>
<a th:href="@{/testRequestByServletAPI}">通过servletAPI向request域对象共享数据</a>
</body>
</html>
target.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是target.html<br>
<p th:text="${testRequestScope}"></p>
<!--这是thymeleaf的语法,访问request域中数据只需要写attribute的名字,
而如果是session域,就要写session.名字;
如果是application域,就要写application.名字-->
</body>
</html>
运行Tomcat:
(二)使用ModelAndView向request域对象共享数据(推荐)
案例:
controller:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testModelAndView")
public ModelAndView testModelAndView(){
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
//处理模型数据,即向请求域request共享数据
mav.addObject("testRequestScope","hello ModelAndView");
//设置视图名称
mav.setViewName("target");
return mav;
}
}
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--这个是thymeleaf命名空间-->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是index.html<br>
<a th:href="@{/testModelAndView}">通过ModelAndView向request域对象共享数据</a>
</body>
</html>
target.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是target.html<br>
<p th:text="${testRequestScope}"></p>
<!--这是thymeleaf的语法,访问request域中数据只需要写attribute的名字,
而如果是session域,就要写session.名字;
如果是application域,就要写application.名字-->
</body>
</html>
启动Tomcat:
(三)使用Model向request域对象共享数据
案例:
controller:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testModel")
public String testModel(Model model){
model.addAttribute("testRequestScope","hello model");
return "target";
}
}
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--这个是thymeleaf命名空间-->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是index.html<br>
<a th:href="@{/testModel}">通过Model向request域对象共享数据</a>
</body>
</html>
target.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是target.html<br>
<p th:text="${testRequestScope}"></p>
<!--这是thymeleaf的语法,访问request域中数据只需要写attribute的名字,
而如果是session域,就要写session.名字;
如果是application域,就要写application.名字-->
</body>
</html>
启动Tomcat:
(四)使用map向request域对象共享数据
案例:
controller:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testMap")
public String testMap(Map<String,Object> map){//请求域中的内容各种各样,因此是Object
map.put("testRequestScope","hello map");
return "target";
}
}
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--这个是thymeleaf命名空间-->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是index.html<br>
<a th:href="@{/testMap}">通过Map向request域对象共享数据</a>
</body>
</html>
target.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是target.html<br>
<p th:text="${testRequestScope}"></p>
<!--这是thymeleaf的语法,访问request域中数据只需要写attribute的名字,
而如果是session域,就要写session.名字;
如果是application域,就要写application.名字-->
</body>
</html>
启动Tomcat:
(五)使用ModelMap向request域对象共享数据
案例:
controller:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testModelMap")
public String testModelMap(ModelMap modelMap){
modelMap.addAttribute("testRequestScope","hello ModelMap");
return "target";
}
}
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--这个是thymeleaf命名空间-->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是index.html<br>
<a th:href="@{/testModelMap}">通过ModelMap向request域对象共享数据</a>
</body>
</html>
target.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是target.html<br>
<p th:text="${testRequestScope}"></p>
<!--这是thymeleaf的语法,访问request域中数据只需要写attribute的名字,
而如果是session域,就要写session.名字;
如果是application域,就要写application.名字-->
</body>
</html>
启动Tomcat:
(六)Model、ModelMap、Map的关系
案例:
假如我们把上面三个例子都写到一块儿,并且在控制器方法的最后输出方法参数对应实例化对象的名字:
controller:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testModel")
public String testModel(Model model){
model.addAttribute("testRequestScope","hello model");
System.out.println(model.getClass().getName());
return "target";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/testMap")
public String testMap(Map<String,Object> map){//请求域中的内容各种各样,因此是Object
map.put("testRequestScope","hello map");
System.out.println(map.getClass().getName());
return "target";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/testModelMap")
public String testModelMap(ModelMap modelMap){
modelMap.addAttribute("testRequestScope","hello ModelMap");
System.out.println(modelMap.getClass().getName());
return "target";
}
}
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--这个是thymeleaf命名空间-->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是index.html<br>
<a th:href="@{/testModel}">通过Model向request域对象共享数据</a><br>
<a th:href="@{/testMap}">通过Map向request域对象共享数据</a><br>
<a th:href="@{/testModelMap}">通过ModelMap向request域对象共享数据</a>
</body>
</html>
启动Tomcat:
三个链接都点一遍,观察IDEA输出:
我们发现,Model、ModelMap、Map类型的参数其实本质上都是 BindingAwareModelMap 类型的。
而且我们通过以下的继承关系中可以看出BindingAwareModelMap是能够实例化Model、ModelMap、Map类型的。
public interface Model{}
public class LinkedHashMap<K,V> extends HashMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V>{}
public class ModelMap extends LinkedHashMap<String, Object> {}
public class ExtendedModelMap extends ModelMap implements Model {}
public class BindingAwareModelMap extends ExtendedModelMap {}
二、向 session 域对象共享数据
案例:
controller:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testSession")
public String testSession(HttpSession session){
session.setAttribute("testSessionScope","hello session");
return "target";
}
}
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--这个是thymeleaf命名空间-->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是index.html<br>
<a th:href="@{/testSession}">向session域对象共享数据</a><br>
</body>
</html>
target.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是target.html<br>
<p th:text="${session.testSessionScope}"></p>
<!--这是thymeleaf的语法,访问request域中数据只需要写attribute的名字,
而如果是session域,就要写session.名字;
如果是application域,就要写application.名字-->
</body>
</html>
启动Tomcat:
三、向 application 域对象共享数据
案例:
controller:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testApplication")
public String testApplication(HttpSession session){
ServletContext application = session.getServletContext();
application.setAttribute("testApplicationScope","hello application");
return "target";
}
}
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><!--这个是thymeleaf命名空间-->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是index.html<br>
<a th:href="@{/testApplication}">向application域对象共享数据</a><br>
</body>
</html>
target.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是target.html<br>
<p th:text="${application.testApplicationScope}"></p>
<!--这是thymeleaf的语法,访问request域中数据只需要写attribute的名字,
而如果是session域,就要写session.名字;
如果是application域,就要写application.名字-->
</body>
</html>
启动Tomcat: