JSP Servlet MyBatis MySQL 创建读取更新删除 (CRUD) 示例

 在本 Java 教程中,我们将帮助您了解编写基本 Java Web 应用程序的过程,该应用程序管理具有基本功能的书籍集合:列表、插入、更新、删除(或 CURD 操作 - 创建、更新、读取和删除)。该应用程序看起来像这样:

您将学习如何使用以下技术构建此应用程序:

  • Java Servlet 和 Java 服务器页面 (JSP)
  • JSP 标准标签库 (JSTL)
  • Java 数据库连接 (JDBC)
  • MySQL数据库
  • Apache Tomcat 服务器

我们使用 NetBeans IDE 和 Maven 来开发项目。 

1. 创建 MySQL 数据库

为简单起见,我们只有一张桌子。执行以下 MySQL 脚本以创建名为Bookstore 的数据库和名为Book的表:

CREATE DATABASE 'bookstore';

USE bookstore;



CREATE TABLE `book` (

  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

  `title` varchar(128) NOT NULL,

  `author` varchar(45) NOT NULL,

  `price` float NOT NULL,

  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

  UNIQUE KEY `id_UNIQUE` (`id`),

  UNIQUE KEY `title_UNIQUE` (`title`)

) 

的结构如下:

您可以使用 MySQL 命令行客户端或 MySQL Workbench 工具来创建数据库。

2. 创建新的 Java Web maven应用程序项目

要创建新的 Java Web 应用程序项目,只需打开 Netbeans IDE,然后打开 File -> New Project。然后在 Categories 列中选择 Java with Maven,在 Projects 列中选择 Web Application。然后点击下一步。

给你的项目起个名字,我的是“SimpleWebApp”。将另一个字段保留为默认值。然后点击下一步。

为服务器和设置中的所有字段保留默认值,然后单击完成。

这将创建新的 java web 应用程序,其中包含用于构建 java web 应用程序的核心元素。

创建 Maven POM 文件需要输入信息,例如组 ID、工件 ID 等。然后在pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>BookstoreMyBatis</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>BookstoreMyBatis</name>

    <properties>
        <endorsed.dir>${project.build.directory}/endorsed</endorsed.dir>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.28</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.9</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <compilerArguments>
                        <endorseddirs>${endorsed.dir}</endorseddirs>
                    </compilerArguments>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>validate</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <outputDirectory>${endorsed.dir}</outputDirectory>
                            <silent>true</silent>
                            <artifactItems>
                                <artifactItem>
                                    <groupId>javax</groupId>
                                    <artifactId>javaee-endorsed-api</artifactId>
                                    <version>7.0</version>
                                    <type>jar</type>
                                </artifactItem>
                            </artifactItems>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

如您所见,这里的依赖项是针对 Servlet、JSP、JSTL 和 MySQL 连接器 Java(MySQL 的 JDBC 驱动程序)。

并且记得为项目创建一个 Java 包,这里我们使用包名com.example.bookstore

3. 编写模型类

接下来,使用以下代码创建一个名为Book.java的 Java 类来对数据库中的图书实体进行建模:

package com.example.bookstore;

public class Book {

    protected int id;
    protected String title;
    protected String author;
    protected float price;

    public Book() {
    }

    public Book(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Book(int id, String title, String author, float price) {
        this(title, author, price);
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Book(String title, String author, float price) {
        this.title = title;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

}

如您所见,该类根据数据库中表book中的 4 列有 4 个字段:id、title、author 和 price。

4.编码DAO类

接下来,我们需要实现一个数据访问层 (DAO) 类,该类为数据库中的表book提供 CRUD(创建、读取、更新、删除)操作。这是BookDAO类的完整源代码:

package com.example.bookstore;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;

public class BookDAO {

    public boolean insertBook(Book book) throws SQLException {
        boolean rowInserted = false;
        SqlSession session = null;

        try {
            SqlSessionFactory factory = ServiceLocator.getSessionFactory();
            session = factory.openSession();
            rowInserted = session.insert("insertBook", book) > 0;
            session.commit();

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }

        return rowInserted;
    }

    public List<Book> listAllBooks() throws SQLException {
        SqlSession session = null;
        List<Book> retrieveList = null;

        try {
            SqlSessionFactory factory = ServiceLocator.getSessionFactory();
            session = factory.openSession();
            retrieveList = session.selectList("selectAllBooks");

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }

        return retrieveList;
    }

    public boolean deleteBook(Book book) throws SQLException {
        boolean rowDeleted = false;
        SqlSession session = null;

        try {
            SqlSessionFactory factory = ServiceLocator.getSessionFactory();
            session = factory.openSession();
            rowDeleted = session.delete("deleteById", book.getId()) > 0;
            session.commit();

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }
        return rowDeleted;
    }

    public boolean updateBook(Book book) throws SQLException {
        boolean rowUpdated = false;
        SqlSession session = null;

        try {
            SqlSessionFactory factory = ServiceLocator.getSessionFactory();
            session = factory.openSession();
            rowUpdated = session.update("updateBook", book) > 0;
            session.commit();

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }
        return rowUpdated;
    }

    public Book getBook(int id) throws SQLException {
        SqlSession session = null;
        Book book = null;

        try {
            SqlSessionFactory factory = ServiceLocator.getSessionFactory();
            session = factory.openSession();
            book = session.selectOne("selectBook", id);

        } finally {

            if (session != null) {
                session.close();
            }
        }

        return book;
    }
}

ServiceLocator.java

package com.example.bookstore;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

public class ServiceLocator {

    public static SqlSessionFactory getSessionFactory() {

        InputStream inputStream = null;
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;

        try {
            String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

        } catch (IOException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(ServiceLocator.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (inputStream != null) {
                    inputStream.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                Logger.getLogger(ServiceLocator.class.getName()).log(Level.WARNING, null, ex);
            }
        }

        return sqlSessionFactory;
    }
}

mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias alias="Book" type="com.example.bookstore.Book"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookstoremybatis"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="root"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="BookMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

BookMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.example">

    <select id="selectAllBooks" resultType="Book">
        select * from book
    </select>

    <select id="selectBook" parameterType="int" resultType="Book">
        select * from book where id = #{id}
    </select>

    <insert id="insertBook" parameterType="Book" statementType="PREPARED" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id" keyColumn="id">
        INSERT INTO book(title, author, price) VALUES
        (#{title}, #{author}, #{price})
    </insert>

    <update id = "updateBook" parameterType = "Book">
        UPDATE book SET title = #{title},
        author = #{author},
        price = #{price}
        WHERE id = #{id};
    </update>

    <delete id = "deleteById" parameterType = "int">
        DELETE from book WHERE id = #{id};
    </delete>
</mapper>

如您所见,以下方法适用于 CRUD 操作:

  • 创建:insertBook(Book) - 这会在表book中插入一个新行。
  • 读取:listAllBooks() - 这会检索所有行;和getBook(id) - 根据主键值 (ID) 返回特定行。
  • 更新:updateBook(Book) - 这会更新数据库中的现有行。
  • 删除:deleteBook(Book) - 这会根据主键值 (ID) 删除数据库中的现有行。

5.编写图书列表JSP页面

接下来,创建一个 JSP 页面来显示数据库中的所有书籍。以下是项目中WebContent目录下BookList.jsp页面的代码:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
	<title>Books Store Application</title>
</head>
<body>
	<center>
		<h1>Books Management</h1>
        <h2>
        	<a href="new">Add New Book</a>
        	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        	<a href="list">List All Books</a>
        	
        </h2>
	</center>
    <div align="center">
        <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
            <caption><h2>List of Books</h2></caption>
            <tr>
                <th>ID</th>
                <th>Title</th>
                <th>Author</th>
                <th>Price</th>
                <th>Actions</th>
            </tr>
            <c:forEach var="book" items="${listBook}">
                <tr>
                    <td><c:out value="${book.id}" /></td>
                    <td><c:out value="${book.title}" /></td>
                    <td><c:out value="${book.author}" /></td>
                    <td><c:out value="${book.price}" /></td>
                    <td>
                    	<a href="edit?id=<c:out value='${book.id}' />">Edit</a>
                    	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    	<a href="delete?id=<c:out value='${book.id}' />">Delete</a>                    	
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </c:forEach>
        </table>
    </div>	
</body>
</html>

在这个 JSP 页面中,我们使用 JSTL 来显示来自数据库的表book的记录。listBook对象将从我们稍后创建的 servlet 传递。

运行时,此页面如下所示:

如您所见,在此页面的顶部菜单中有两个超链接,用于创建新书(添加新书)和显示所有书(列出所有书)。此外,对于每本书,都有两个用于编辑 ( Edit ) 和删除 ( Delete ) 的链接。

6.写书表单JSP页面

接下来,我们创建一个 JSP 页面来创建一本名为BookForm.jsp的新书。这是它的完整源代码:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html>
<head>
	<title>Books Store Application</title>
</head>
<body>
	<center>
		<h1>Books Management</h1>
        <h2>
        	<a href="new">Add New Book</a>
        	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        	<a href="list">List All Books</a>
        	
        </h2>
	</center>
    <div align="center">
		<c:if test="${book != null}">
			<form action="update" method="post">
        </c:if>
        <c:if test="${book == null}">
			<form action="insert" method="post">
        </c:if>
        <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
            <caption>
            	<h2>
            		<c:if test="${book != null}">
            			Edit Book
            		</c:if>
            		<c:if test="${book == null}">
            			Add New Book
            		</c:if>
            	</h2>
            </caption>
        		<c:if test="${book != null}">
        			<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<c:out value='${book.id}' />" />
        		</c:if>            
            <tr>
                <th>Title: </th>
                <td>
                	<input type="text" name="title" size="45"
                			value="<c:out value='${book.title}' />"
                		/>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <th>Author: </th>
                <td>
                	<input type="text" name="author" size="45"
                			value="<c:out value='${book.author}' />"
                	/>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <th>Price: </th>
                <td>
                	<input type="text" name="price" size="5"
                			value="<c:out value='${book.price}' />"
                	/>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
            	<td colspan="2" align="center">
            		<input type="submit" value="Save" />
            	</td>
            </tr>
        </table>
        </form>
    </div>	
</body>
</html>

此页面将用于创建新书和编辑现有书籍。在编辑模式下,servlet 将向请求传递一个 Book 对象,我们使用 JSTL 的<c:if>标记来确定该对象是否可用。如果可用(非空)表单处于编辑模式,否则处于创建模式。

运行时,此页面显示如下新表单:

在编辑模式下:

我们将在下一节中了解如何根据用户的请求将 DAO 类与 JSP 页面连接起来:创建 servlet 类。

7. 编码控制器Servlet类

现在,最困难但最有趣的部分是实现一个 Java Servlet,它充当页面控制器来处理来自客户端的所有请求。我们先来看代码:

package com.example.bookstore;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ControllerServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private BookDAO bookDAO;

    public void init() {

        bookDAO = new BookDAO();

    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        String action = request.getServletPath();

        try {
            switch (action) {
                case "/new":
                    showNewForm(request, response);
                    break;
                case "/insert":
                    insertBook(request, response);
                    break;
                case "/delete":
                    deleteBook(request, response);
                    break;
                case "/edit":
                    showEditForm(request, response);
                    break;
                case "/update":
                    updateBook(request, response);
                    break;
                default:
                    listBook(request, response);
                    break;
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            throw new ServletException(ex);
        }
    }

    private void listBook(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws SQLException, IOException, ServletException {
        List<Book> listBook = bookDAO.listAllBooks();
        request.setAttribute("listBook", listBook);
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("BookList.jsp");
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }

    private void showNewForm(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("BookForm.jsp");
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }

    private void showEditForm(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws SQLException, ServletException, IOException {
        int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
        Book existingBook = bookDAO.getBook(id);
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("BookForm.jsp");
        request.setAttribute("book", existingBook);
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);

    }

    private void insertBook(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws SQLException, IOException {
        String title = request.getParameter("title");
        String author = request.getParameter("author");
        float price = Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("price"));

        Book newBook = new Book(title, author, price);
        bookDAO.insertBook(newBook);
        response.sendRedirect("list");
    }

    private void updateBook(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws SQLException, IOException {
        int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
        String title = request.getParameter("title");
        String author = request.getParameter("author");
        float price = Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("price"));

        Book book = new Book(id, title, author, price);
        bookDAO.updateBook(book);
        response.sendRedirect("list");
    }

    private void deleteBook(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws SQLException, IOException {
        int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));

        Book book = new Book(id);
        bookDAO.deleteBook(book);
        response.sendRedirect("list");

    }

}

首先,查看init()方法,该方法在第一次实例化 servlet 时实例化BookDAO类的实例。

接下来,我们可以看到这个 servlet 同时处理GETPOST请求,因为doPost()方法调用了处理所有请求的doGet() :

 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        String action = request.getServletPath();

        try {
            switch (action) {
                case "/new":
                    showNewForm(request, response);
                    break;
                case "/insert":
                    insertBook(request, response);
                    break;
                case "/delete":
                    deleteBook(request, response);
                    break;
                case "/edit":
                    showEditForm(request, response);
                    break;
                case "/update":
                    updateBook(request, response);
                    break;
                default:
                    listBook(request, response);
                    break;
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            throw new ServletException(ex);
        }
    }

根据请求 URL(以 /edit、/list、/new 等开头),servlet 调用相应的方法。在这里,我们以一种方法为例:

    private void listBook(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws SQLException, IOException, ServletException {
        List<Book> listBook = bookDAO.listAllBooks();
        request.setAttribute("listBook", listBook);
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("BookList.jsp");
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }

该方法使用 DAO 类从数据库中检索所有书籍,然后转发到BookList.jsp页面以显示结果。其余方法也实现了类似的逻辑。

8.配置Web.xml

为了让ControllerServlet 拦截所有请求,我们必须在 web 部署描述符web.xml 文件中配置它的映射。打开WebContent\WEB-INF 目录下的 web.xml 文件并使用以下代码更新它:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
		http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
    <display-name>Books Management Web Application</display-name>



    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ControllerServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.example.bookstore.ControllerServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ControllerServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <error-page>
        <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
        <location>/Error.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
</web-app>

如您所见,< servlet><servlet-mapping>元素声明并指定ControllerServlet类的 URL 映射。URL 模式/表示这是处理所有请求的默认 servlet。

<error>页面元素为应用程序生命周期中可能发生的所有类型的异常( java.lang.Exception )指定错误处理页面。

9.编写错误JSP页面

这是Error.jsp页面的代码,它只显示异常消息:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" isErrorPage="true" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
	"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Error</title>
</head>
<body>
	<center>
		<h1>Error</h1>
		<h2><%=exception.getMessage() %><br/> </h2>
	</center>	
</body>
</html>

发生错误时看起来像这样:

10. 部署和测试应用程序

至此我们已经完成了项目的代码。是时候部署和测试应用程序以了解它是如何工作的了。

在 Web 浏览器中键入以下 URL 以访问 Bookstore 应用程序:

http://localhost:8080/bookstore

第一次,列表是空的,因为还没有任何书籍:

单击超链接添加新书开始添加新书:

输入图书信息(书名、作者和价格)并点击保存。应用程序保存图书并显示列表,如下图所示:

在此列表中,您可以单击编辑删除超链接来编辑和删除特定书籍。

这就是使用 Servlet、JSP、JDBC 和 MySQL 构建简单的 Java Web 应用程序的方式。我们希望本教程对您有所帮助,您可以在下面的附件部分下载整个项目。

GitHub - allwaysoft/MyBatis-JSP-SERVLET-CRUD-MySQL

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