在本教程中，我们将构建一个简单的用户管理Web 应用程序，它管理具有基本功能的用户集合：列表、插入、更新、删除（或 CURD 操作 - 创建、更新、读取和删除）。
您可以从我的 GitHub 存储库下载本教程的源代码，本教程末尾提供了链接。
顶级 JSP、Servlet 和 JDBC 教程：
查看 使用 JSP、Servlet、JDBC 和 MySQL 构建 Todo 应用程序。
我们将在我们的用户管理Web 应用程序中开发以下简单的基本功能：
- 创建用户
- 更新用户
- 删除用户
- 检索用户
- 所有用户列表
该应用程序看起来像这样：
使用的工具和技术
- JSP - 2.2 +
- IDE - STS/Eclipse Neon.3
- JDK - 1.8 或更高版本
- Apache Tomcat - 8.5
- JSTL - 1.2.1
- 小服务程序 API - 2.5
- MySQL - mysql-connector-java-8.0.13.jar
开发步骤
- 创建 Eclipse 动态 Web 项目
- 添加依赖项
- 项目结构
- MySQL 数据库设置
- 创建一个 JavaBean - User.java
- 创建一个 UserDAO.java
- 创建一个 UserServlet.java
- 创建用户列表 JSP 页面 - user-list.jsp
- 创建用户表单 JSP 页面 - user-form.jsp
- 创建错误 JSP 页面
- 部署和测试应用程序演示
类图
这是我们将在本教程中开发的用户管理Web 应用程序 的类图 ：
1. 创建一个 Eclipse 动态 Web 项目
在 Eclipse 中创建一个新的动态 Web 项目：
1. 在主菜单上选择 文件 > 新建 > 项目...。
2. 在即将出现的向导中，选择 Web > Dynamic Web Project。
3. 单击 下一步。
4. 输入项目名称为“jsp-servlet-jdbc-mysql-example”；5. 确保目标运行时设置为具有当前支持的版本的 Apache Tomcat。
2.添加依赖
将以下 jar 文件的最新版本添加到 lib 文件夹。
- jsp-api.2.3.1.jar
- servlet-api.2.3.jar
- mysql-connector-java-8.0.13.jar
- jstl-1.2.jar
三、项目结构
标准项目结构供您参考-
4. MySQL 数据库设置
让我们在 MySQL 中创建一个名为“demo”的数据库。现在，使用下面的 DDL 脚本创建一个用户表：
CREATE DATABASE 'demo';
USE demo;
create table users (
id int(3) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(120) NOT NULL,
email varchar(220) NOT NULL,
country varchar(120),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
您可以使用 MySQL 命令行客户端或 MySQL Workbench 工具来创建数据库。上面的 用户表如下所示：
5.创建一个JavaBean——User.java
让我们使用以下代码 创建一个User java 类来对数据库中的用户实体进行建模：
package net.javaguides.usermanagement.model;
/**
* User.java
* This is a model class represents a User entity
* @author Ramesh Fadatare
*
*/
public class User {
protected int id;
protected String name;
protected String email;
protected String country;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, String email, String country) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.email = email;
this.country = country;
}
public User(int id, String name, String email, String country) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.email = email;
this.country = country;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getCountry() {
return country;
}
public void setCountry(String country) {
this.country = country;
}
}
6.创建一个UserDAO.java
让我们创建一个UserDAO类，它是一个数据访问层 (DAO) 类，它为数据库中的表用户 提供 CRUD（创建、读取、更新、删除）操作。这是UserDAO的完整源代码：
package net.javaguides.usermanagement.dao;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import net.javaguides.usermanagement.model.User;
/**
* AbstractDAO.java This DAO class provides CRUD database operations for the
* table users in the database.
*
* @author Ramesh Fadatare
*
*/
public class UserDAO {
private String jdbcURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=false";
private String jdbcUsername = "root";
private String jdbcPassword = "root";
private static final String INSERT_USERS_SQL = "INSERT INTO users" + " (name, email, country) VALUES "
+ " (?, ?, ?);";
private static final String SELECT_USER_BY_ID = "select id,name,email,country from users where id =?";
private static final String SELECT_ALL_USERS = "select * from users";
private static final String DELETE_USERS_SQL = "delete from users where id = ?;";
private static final String UPDATE_USERS_SQL = "update users set name = ?,email= ?, country =? where id = ?;";
public UserDAO() {
}
protected Connection getConnection() {
Connection connection = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcURL, jdbcUsername, jdbcPassword);
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return connection;
}
public void insertUser(User user) throws SQLException {
System.out.println(INSERT_USERS_SQL);
// try-with-resource statement will auto close the connection.
try (Connection connection = getConnection();
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(INSERT_USERS_SQL)) {
preparedStatement.setString(1, user.getName());
preparedStatement.setString(2, user.getEmail());
preparedStatement.setString(3, user.getCountry());
System.out.println(preparedStatement);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
printSQLException(e);
}
}
public User selectUser(int id) {
User user = null;
// Step 1: Establishing a Connection
try (Connection connection = getConnection();
// Step 2:Create a statement using connection object
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(SELECT_USER_BY_ID);) {
preparedStatement.setInt(1, id);
System.out.println(preparedStatement);
// Step 3: Execute the query or update query
ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
// Step 4: Process the ResultSet object.
while (rs.next()) {
String name = rs.getString("name");
String email = rs.getString("email");
String country = rs.getString("country");
user = new User(id, name, email, country);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
printSQLException(e);
}
return user;
}
public List<User> selectAllUsers() {
// using try-with-resources to avoid closing resources (boiler plate code)
List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
// Step 1: Establishing a Connection
try (Connection connection = getConnection();
// Step 2:Create a statement using connection object
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(SELECT_ALL_USERS);) {
System.out.println(preparedStatement);
// Step 3: Execute the query or update query
ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
// Step 4: Process the ResultSet object.
while (rs.next()) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
String email = rs.getString("email");
String country = rs.getString("country");
users.add(new User(id, name, email, country));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
printSQLException(e);
}
return users;
}
public boolean deleteUser(int id) throws SQLException {
boolean rowDeleted;
try (Connection connection = getConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(DELETE_USERS_SQL);) {
statement.setInt(1, id);
rowDeleted = statement.executeUpdate() > 0;
}
return rowDeleted;
}
public boolean updateUser(User user) throws SQLException {
boolean rowUpdated;
try (Connection connection = getConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(UPDATE_USERS_SQL);) {
statement.setString(1, user.getName());
statement.setString(2, user.getEmail());
statement.setString(3, user.getCountry());
statement.setInt(4, user.getId());
rowUpdated = statement.executeUpdate() > 0;
}
return rowUpdated;
}
private void printSQLException(SQLException ex) {
for (Throwable e : ex) {
if (e instanceof SQLException) {
e.printStackTrace(System.err);
System.err.println("SQLState: " + ((SQLException) e).getSQLState());
System.err.println("Error Code: " + ((SQLException) e).getErrorCode());
System.err.println("Message: " + e.getMessage());
Throwable t = ex.getCause();
while (t != null) {
System.out.println("Cause: " + t);
t = t.getCause();
}
}
}
}
}
7.创建一个UserServlet.java
现在，让我们创建UserServlet作为页面控制器来处理来自客户端的所有请求。我们先来看代码：
package net.javaguides.usermanagement.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import net.javaguides.usermanagement.dao.UserDAO;
import net.javaguides.usermanagement.model.User;
/**
* ControllerServlet.java
* This servlet acts as a page controller for the application, handling all
* requests from the user.
* @email Ramesh Fadatare
*/
@WebServlet("/")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserDAO userDAO;
public void init() {
userDAO = new UserDAO();
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String action = request.getServletPath();
try {
switch (action) {
case "/new":
showNewForm(request, response);
break;
case "/insert":
insertUser(request, response);
break;
case "/delete":
deleteUser(request, response);
break;
case "/edit":
showEditForm(request, response);
break;
case "/update":
updateUser(request, response);
break;
default:
listUser(request, response);
break;
}
} catch (SQLException ex) {
throw new ServletException(ex);
}
}
private void listUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws SQLException, IOException, ServletException {
List<User> listUser = userDAO.selectAllUsers();
request.setAttribute("listUser", listUser);
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("user-list.jsp");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
private void showNewForm(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("user-form.jsp");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
private void showEditForm(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws SQLException, ServletException, IOException {
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
User existingUser = userDAO.selectUser(id);
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("user-form.jsp");
request.setAttribute("user", existingUser);
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
private void insertUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws SQLException, IOException {
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String email = request.getParameter("email");
String country = request.getParameter("country");
User newUser = new User(name, email, country);
userDAO.insertUser(newUser);
response.sendRedirect("list");
}
private void updateUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws SQLException, IOException {
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String email = request.getParameter("email");
String country = request.getParameter("country");
User book = new User(id, name, email, country);
userDAO.updateUser(book);
response.sendRedirect("list");
}
private void deleteUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws SQLException, IOException {
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
userDAO.deleteUser(id);
response.sendRedirect("list");
}
}
8. 创建用户列表 JSP 页面 - user-list.jsp
接下来，创建一个 JSP 页面来显示数据库中的所有用户。让我们在项目的WebContent目录下创建一个 list-user.jsp页面，代码如下：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>User Management Application</title>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T"
crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark"
style="background-color: tomato">
<div>
<a href="https://www.javaguides.net" class="navbar-brand"> User
Management App </a>
</div>
<ul class="navbar-nav">
<li><a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/list"
class="nav-link">Users</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br>
<div class="row">
<!-- <div class="alert alert-success" *ngIf='message'>{{message}}</div> -->
<div class="container">
<h3 class="text-center">List of Users</h3>
<hr>
<div class="container text-left">
<a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/new" class="btn btn-success">Add
New User</a>
</div>
<br>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Country</th>
<th>Actions</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<!-- for (Todo todo: todos) { -->
<c:forEach var="user" items="${listUser}">
<tr>
<td><c:out value="${user.id}" /></td>
<td><c:out value="${user.name}" /></td>
<td><c:out value="${user.email}" /></td>
<td><c:out value="${user.country}" /></td>
<td><a href="edit?id=<c:out value='${user.id}' />">Edit</a>
<a
href="delete?id=<c:out value='${user.id}' />">Delete</a></td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
<!-- } -->
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
一旦您将在 tomcat 中部署以上 JSP 页面并在浏览器中打开，如下所示：
9. 创建用户表单 JSP 页面 - user-form.jsp
接下来，我们创建一个 JSP 页面来创建一个名为user-form.jsp的新用户。这是它的完整源代码：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>User Management Application</title>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T"
crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark"
style="background-color: tomato">
<div>
<a href="https://www.javaguides.net" class="navbar-brand"> User Management App </a>
</div>
<ul class="navbar-nav">
<li><a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/list"
class="nav-link">Users</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<br>
<div class="container col-md-5">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<c:if test="${user != null}">
<form action="update" method="post">
</c:if>
<c:if test="${user == null}">
<form action="insert" method="post">
</c:if>
<caption>
<h2>
<c:if test="${user != null}">
Edit User
</c:if>
<c:if test="${user == null}">
Add New User
</c:if>
</h2>
</caption>
<c:if test="${user != null}">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<c:out value='${user.id}' />" />
</c:if>
<fieldset class="form-group">
<label>User Name</label> <input type="text"
value="<c:out value='${user.name}' />" class="form-control"
name="name" required="required">
</fieldset>
<fieldset class="form-group">
<label>User Email</label> <input type="text"
value="<c:out value='${user.email}' />" class="form-control"
name="email">
</fieldset>
<fieldset class="form-group">
<label>User Country</label> <input type="text"
value="<c:out value='${user.country}' />" class="form-control"
name="country">
</fieldset>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Save</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
一旦您将在 tomcat 中部署以上 JSP 页面并在浏览器中打开，如下所示：
上面的页面用于创建新用户和编辑同一用户的两种功能。编辑页面如下所示：
10. 创建错误 JSP 页面
这是Error.jsp页面 的代码，它只显示异常消息：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" isErrorPage="true" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Error</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Error</h1>
<h2><%=exception.getMessage() %><br/> </h2>
</center>
</body>
</html>11. 部署和测试应用程序
是时候看一下上述用户管理Web 应用程序的演示了。在 tomcat 服务器中部署这个 web 应用程序。
在 Web 浏览器中键入以下 URL 以访问用户管理应用程序： http://localhost:8080/jsp-servlet-jdbc-mysql-crud-example/
创建新用户
编辑用户
所有用户列表
GitHub 存储库
本教程（用户管理）的源代码可在我的 GitHub 存储库中获得， 网址为GitHub - RameshMF/jsp-servlet-jdbc-mysql-crud-tutorial: JSP Servlet JDBC MySQL CRUD Example Tutorial。
附：中文乱码过滤器
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class CharaterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>User Management Web Application</display-name>
<error-page>
<exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
<location>/Error.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>CharaterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
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