深入浅出Win32多线程设计之MFC的多线程(3)

3.线程与消息队列

  在WIN32中,每一个线程都对应着一个消息队列。由于一个线程可以产生数个窗口,所以并不是每个窗口都对应着一个消息队列。下列几句话应该作为"定理"被记住:

  "定理" 一

  所有产生给某个窗口的消息,都先由创建这个窗口的线程处理;

  "定理" 二

  Windows屏幕上的每一个控件都是一个窗口,有对应的窗口函数。

  消息的发送通常有两种方式,一是SendMessage,一是PostMessage,其原型分别为:

LRESULT SendMessage(HWND hWnd, // handle of destination window
 UINT Msg, // message to send
 WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter
 LPARAM lParam // second message parameter
);
BOOL PostMessage(HWND hWnd, // handle of destination window
 UINT Msg, // message to post
 WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter
 LPARAM lParam // second message parameter
);

  两个函数原型中的四个参数的意义相同,但是SendMessage和PostMessage的行为有差异。SendMessage必须等待消息被处理后才返回,而PostMessage仅仅将消息放入消息队列。SendMessage的目标窗口如果属于另一个线程,则会发生线程上下文切换,等待另一线程处理完成消息。为了防止另一线程当掉,导致SendMessage永远不能返回,我们可以调用SendMessageTimeout函数:

LRESULT SendMessageTimeout(
 HWND hWnd, // handle of destination window
 UINT Msg, // message to send
 WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter
 LPARAM lParam, // second message parameter
 UINT fuFlags, // how to send the message
 UINT uTimeout, // time-out duration
 LPDWORD lpdwResult // return value for synchronous call
);

  4. MFC线程、消息队列与MFC程序的"生死因果"

  分析MFC程序的主线程启动及消息队列处理的过程将有助于我们进一步理解UI线程与消息队列的关系,为此我们需要简单地叙述一下MFC程序的"生死因果"(侯捷:《深入浅出MFC》)。

  使用VC++ 6.0的向导完成一个最简单的单文档架构MFC应用程序MFCThread:

  (1) 输入MFC EXE工程名MFCThread;

  (2) 选择单文档架构,不支持Document/View结构;

  (3) ActiveX、3D container等其他选项都选择无。

  我们来分析这个工程。下面是产生的核心源代码:

  MFCThread.h 文件

class CMFCThreadApp : public CWinApp
{
 public:
  CMFCThreadApp();

  // Overrides
  // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
  //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CMFCThreadApp)
   public:
    virtual BOOL InitInstance();
  //}}AFX_VIRTUAL

  // Implementation

 public:
  //{{AFX_MSG(CMFCThreadApp)
   afx_msg void OnAppAbout();
   // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
   // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
  //}}AFX_MSG
 DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};

  MFCThread.cpp文件

CMFCThreadApp theApp;

/
// CMFCThreadApp initialization

BOOL CMFCThreadApp::InitInstance()
{
 …
 CMainFrame* pFrame = new CMainFrame;
 m_pMainWnd = pFrame;

 // create and load the frame with its resources
 pFrame->LoadFrame(IDR_MAINFRAME,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | FWS_ADDTOTITLE, NULL,NULL);
 // The one and only window has been initialized, so show and update it.
 pFrame->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);
 pFrame->UpdateWindow();

 return TRUE;
}

  MainFrm.h文件

#include "ChildView.h"

class CMainFrame : public CFrameWnd
{
 public:
  CMainFrame();
 protected:
  DECLARE_DYNAMIC(CMainFrame)

  // Attributes
 public:

  // Operations
 public:
  // Overrides
  // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
  //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CMainFrame)
   virtual BOOL PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs);
   virtual BOOL OnCmdMsg(UINT nID, int nCode, void* pExtra, AFX_CMDHANDLERINFO* pHandlerInfo);
  //}}AFX_VIRTUAL

  // Implementation
 public:
  virtual ~CMainFrame();
  #ifdef _DEBUG
   virtual void AssertValid() const;
   virtual void Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const;
  #endif
  CChildView m_wndView;

  // Generated message map functions
 protected:
 //{{AFX_MSG(CMainFrame)
  afx_msg void OnSetFocus(CWnd *pOldWnd);
  // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
  // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code!
 //}}AFX_MSG
 DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};

  MainFrm.cpp文件

IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC(CMainFrame, CFrameWnd)

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMainFrame, CFrameWnd)
 //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMainFrame)
  // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
  // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
  ON_WM_SETFOCUS()
 //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()

/
// CMainFrame construction/destruction

CMainFrame::CMainFrame()
{
 // TODO: add member initialization code here
}

CMainFrame::~CMainFrame()
{}

BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
 if( !CFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs) )
  return FALSE;
  // TODO: Modify the Window class or styles here by modifying
  // the CREATESTRUCT cs

 cs.dwExStyle &= ~WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE;
 cs.lpszClass = AfxRegisterWndClass(0);
 return TRUE;
}

  ChildView.h文件

// CChildView window

class CChildView : public CWnd
{
 // Construction
 public:
  CChildView();

  // Attributes
 public:
  // Operations
 public:
  // Overrides
  // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
  //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CChildView)
   protected:
    virtual BOOL PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs);
  //}}AFX_VIRTUAL

  // Implementation
 public:
  virtual ~CChildView();

  // Generated message map functions
 protected:
  //{{AFX_MSG(CChildView)
   afx_msg void OnPaint();
  //}}AFX_MSG
 DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};

ChildView.cpp文件
// CChildView

CChildView::CChildView()
{}

CChildView::~CChildView()
{}

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CChildView,CWnd )
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CChildView)
ON_WM_PAINT()
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()

/
// CChildView message handlers

BOOL CChildView::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
 if (!CWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs))
  return FALSE;

 cs.dwExStyle |= WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE;
 cs.style &= ~WS_BORDER;
 cs.lpszClass = AfxRegisterWndClass(CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS,::LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW),
HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW+1),NULL);

 return TRUE;
}

void CChildView::OnPaint()
{
 CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting

 // TODO: Add your message handler code here
 // Do not call CWnd::OnPaint() for painting messages
}

  文件MFCThread.h和MFCThread.cpp定义和实现的类CMFCThreadApp继承自CWinApp类,而CWinApp类又继承自CWinThread类(CWinThread类又继承自CCmdTarget类),所以CMFCThread本质上是一个MFC线程类,下图给出了相关的类层次结构:

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