ubutu16.04 python3.6 opencv3.2 caffe(CPU) 填坑指南

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-15 07:19:26 发布

alxe_made

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-15 07:19:26 发布

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分类专栏： caffe 文章标签： caffe python3.6 opencv3 conda make

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/alxe_made/article/details/107052253

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最近由于需要，安装一下caffe,由于手边暂时没有gpu，所以在自己笔记本先安装一下cpu版本的caffe。由于caffe是属于比较老的框架，然后对python 2.7支持比较好，或者python3.5以下也是可以的，但是由于我们的python是3.6,以及tensorflow == 1.6，因此我们尝试在python 3.6的情况下，安装caffe CPU版本。

系统版本：

ubutu 16.04
anoconda 4.3.30
python 3.6
opencv 3.2.0
caffe 1.0.0

1. 首先利用anaconda创建虚拟环境

为了和tensorflow、pytorch、theano等环境区分，我们首先创建一个caffe环境，使用anaconda创建。conda创建、查看、删除虚拟环境

1.首先查看当前已有环境：

conda-env list

2.创建caffe虚拟环境

conda create -n CAFFE  python=3.6

3.进入环境

source activate CAFFE

小提示，退出环境命令为source deactivate

2. 安装opencv3以及其他各种依赖项

2.1 安装opencv3

为了安装caffe，我们首先先将opencv3安装好

参考我的博客:
ubutu16.04卸载opencv2安装opencv3

2.2 安装其他各种依赖项

1.切换到root权限，su, 依次安装：

sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev 
sudo apt-get install libleveldb-dev 
sudo apt-get install libsnappy-dev 
sudo apt-get install libopencv-dev 
sudo apt-get install libhdf5-serial-dev 
sudo apt-get install protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev

CPU Only的情况下，跳过了CUDA相关的安装；
接下来是BLAS：

sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev

使用默认Python来建立pycaffe接口，需要安装：

sudo apt-get install python-dev

一些兼容性依赖库：

sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev
sudo apt-get install libgoogle-glog-dev 
sudo apt-get install liblmdb-dev

3 安装caffe

参考：

3.1 下载caffe相关包

没有安装git的话需要先装一下git，同样也是需要root权限的。

sudo apt-get install git

下载Caffe源码：

git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git

如果需要Caffe的Python接口，切换到caffe下的python目录下，输入以下命令下载python依赖库（先安装pip）：

sudo apt-get install python-pip
for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done

小技巧，从这里可以看出这里的requirements.txt需要安装的东西还是比较多的，由于下载速度可能会比较慢，所以有些包可能需要下载，然后离线安装，安装包的格式就是.whl和.zip格式等。

在这里插入图片描述

3.2 开始编译caffe

前面的各种包并不是太难，caffe难装的原因就是编译可能会出现各种各样的错误，这里我们也是一步一步来。

3.2.1 到Caffe文件夹中

cd caffe

拷贝一份Makefile.config.example并重命名成Makefile.config，修改该配置文件：

cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config

3.2.2 修改`Makefile.config`

这一步非常麻烦，但是也十分重要。。。

这是我的Makefile.config，里面做了一些修改。主要参考的是ubuntu16.04 python3.6 caffe(CPU) 配置记录，同时也在这个基础上，做了一些修改，这是依照后面的错误来的。

添加HOME := /home/xuchao，原来没有写。
添加代码

LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf leveldb snappy lmdb boost_system hdf5_hl hdf5 m  opencv_core opencv_highgui opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodecs

我的Makefile.config如下：

## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!

# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
# USE_CUDNN := 1

# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
CPU_ONLY := 1

# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0
# This code is taken from https://github.com/sh1r0/caffe-android-lib
# USE_HDF5 := 0

# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
#	You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
#	possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1

# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 3

# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
# CUSTOM_CXX := g++

# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr

# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 through *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA < 8.0, comment the *_60 and *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA >= 9.0, comment the *_20 and *_21 lines for compatibility.
CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \
		-gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \
		-gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
		-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
		-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
		-gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \
		-gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 \
		-gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 \
		-gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61

# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
BLAS := atlas
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas

# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib

# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app

# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
		/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include

# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.

# HOME path !!!!

HOME := /home/xuchao

ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda3
PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
		  $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.6m \
		  $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include

# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)

PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.6m

# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.6m \
# /usr/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/numpy/core/include

# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
# PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib

# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib

# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
# WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
# INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial



# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib

# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1

# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1

LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf leveldb snappy lmdb boost_system hdf5_hl hdf5 m  opencv_core opencv_highgui opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodecs

# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute

# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1

# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0

# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @

LINKFLAGS := -Wl,-rpath,$(HOME)/anaconda3/lib#

3.2.3 安装libboost（基于python3.6）的库

1.首先输入命令：

sudo ln -s /home/xuchao/anaconda3/bin/python3  /usr/lib/python3.6m(这里是建立一个软链接，把我本地目录下的python3.6加到usr/lib/中去。

2.下载boost_1_67_0

wget -O boost_1_67_0.tar.gz http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.67.0/boost_1_67_0.tar.gz/download  

tar xzvf boost_1_67_0.tar.gz

3.安装附加依赖库

sudo apt-get update  

sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ python-dev autotools-dev libicu-dev build-essential libbz2-dev libboost-all-dev

4.编译boost_1_67_0

cd boost_1_67_0/

./bootstrap.sh --with-libraries=python --with-toolset=gcc  

./b2 --with-python include="/home/xuchao/anaconda3/include/python3.6m/"  

sudo ./b2 install

/home/xuchao/可能要换成你自己的目录名字。

编译安装成功后，/usr/local/lib下会有libboost_python36.so和libboost_python36.a，有些应用link时需要的是libboost_python3.so或者libboost_python3.a，我们建个软链：

cd /usr/local/lib  

sudo ln -s libboost_python-py36.so libboost_python3.so  

sudo ln -s libboost_python-py36.a libboost_python3.a

这时，我们要把/usr/local/lib 中，相关文件，建立相对于名称的软链接到/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu中。

sudo cp /usr/local/lib/libboost_python36.a  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python_python36.a

sudo cp /usr/local/lib/libboost_python36.so.1.67.0  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python3.so

3.2.4 编译caffe

依次输入以下命令：

sudo make all -j4
sudo make test -j4
sudo make runtest -j4
sudo make pycaffe -j4

在这里插入图片描述

make默认单核运算，如果想加快速度，我这里是4核，可以在每条命令后面加上-j4，如果有报错，建议最好make clean重新开始。
如果所有测试都通过，则说明安装好了。

4 测试caffe

测试Caffe的Python接口，切换到caffe/python文件目录下，记录下来当前路径，输入以下命令：

export PYTHONPATH=/home/xuchao/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH

/home/xuchao换成你自己的。

进入python环境，输入：

import caffe

果没有报错，证明安装成功。
在这里插入图片描述
上面的方法，一旦关闭终端或者打开新终端则失效，如果放到配置文件中，可以永久有效果，命令操作如下：

#A.把环境变量路径放到 ~/.bashrc文件中
sudo echo export PYTHONPATH="~/caffe/python" >> ~/.bashrc
#B.使环境变量生效
source ~/.bashrc

在这里插入图片描述
其他参考：

花了一天的时间，终于把caffe安装好了。后面安装gpu版本的caffe再说了。

alxe_made

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ubutu16.04 python3.6 opencv3.2 caffe(CPU) 填坑指南

最近由于需要，安装一下caffe,由于手边暂时没有gpu，所以在自己笔记本先安装一下cpu版本的caffe。由于caffe是属于比较老的框架，然后对python 2.7支持比较好，或者python3.5以下也是可以的，但是由于我们的python是3.6,以及tensorflow == 1.6，因此我们尝试在python 3.6的情况下，安装caffe CPU版本。系统版本：ubutu 16.04anoconda 4.3.30python 3.6opencv 3.2.0caffe 1.0.0.
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