wav文件解析

简介

wav文件采用RIFF（Resource Interchange File Format）文件格式结构。通常用来保存PCM格式的原始音频数据，所以通常被称为无损音频。但是严格意义上来讲，WAV也可以存储其它压缩格式的音频数据。

WAV文件遵循RIFF规则，其内容以区块（chunk）为最小单位进行存储。WAV文件一般由3个区块组成：RIFF chunk、Format chunk和Data chunk。另外，文件中还可能包含一些可选的区块，如：Fact chunk、Cue points chunk、Playlist chunk、Associated data list chunk等。

图示

代码解析

typedef struct {
	char riffId[4]; // “RIFF”
	uint32_t chunkSize; // chunk size
	char waveId[4]; // “WAVE”
}WaveHeader;

typedef struct {
	char fmtId[4]; // “fmt”
	uint32_t chunkSize; // chunk size
	uint16_t format; // 1-PCM
	uint16_t numChannels;
	uint32_t sampleRate;
	uint32_t byteRate; // sampleRate * numChannels * bitsPerSample / 8, number of bits stored per second
	uint16_t blockAlign; // numChannels * bitsPerSample/8, sample size per time
	uint16_t bitsPerSample;// 8, 16, 32, number of bits per sampling point
}WaveFmt;

typedef struct {
	char dateId[4]; // “data”
	uint32_t chunkSize;// data chunk size, NumSamples * numChannels * bitsPerSample / 8
}WaveData;

typedef struct {
	WaveHeader waveHeader;
	WaveFmt waveFmt;
	WaveData waveData;
}Wav;

void  decode(File* file， char* buffer) {
	WaveHeader waveHdr;
	WaveFmt waveFmt;
	WaveData waveData;
	Wav wav;

	fread (&wav, sizeof (Wav), 1, file);
	waveHdr = wav.waveHeader;
	waveFmt = wav.waveFmt;
	waveData = wav.waveData;

	// Validate wave header
	printf("wav riffId = %s, waveId = %s , chunkSize = %d \n", waveHdr.riffId, waveHdr.waveId, waveHdr.chunkSize);
	if (strncmp (waveHdr.riffId, "RIFF", strlen ("RIFF")) ||
		strncmp (waveHdr.waveId, "WAVE", strlen ("WAVE"))) {
		printf("file header check fail \n");
		return ;
	}

	// format
	printf("wav fmt = %s\n", waveFmt.fmtId);
	printf("wav chunkSize = %d\n", waveFmt.chunkSize);
	printf("wav format = %d\n", waveFmt.format);
	printf("wav numChannels = %d\n", waveFmt.numChannels);
	printf("wav sampleRate = %d\n", waveFmt.sampleRate);
	printf("wav byteRate = %d\n", waveFmt.byteRate);
	printf("wav blockAlign = %d\n", waveFmt.blockAlign);
	printf("wav bitsPerSample = %d\n", waveFmt.bitsPerSample);
	if (strncmp (waveFmt.fmtId, "fmt", strlen ("fmt"))) {
		printf("file format check fail \n");
		return DECODE_ERROR;
	}

	// data
	if (strncmp (waveData.dateId, "data", strlen ("data"))) {
		printf("file dataId check fail \n");
		return DECODE_ERROR;
	}
	int size = waveData.chunkSize;
	int readySize =  fread(buffer, sizeof(char), waveData.chunkSize, file);
	int readSize = 0;
	while ( readySize < int(waveData.chunkSize)) {
		readSize = waveData.chunkSize - readySize;
		int size = fread(buffer + readySize, sizeof(char), readSize, file);
		readySize += size;
	}
}