集合(二)—集合中的迭代

         迭代是迭代器模式的一种体现，使得访问一个聚合对象的内容而无需暴露它的内部表示，为遍历不同的聚合结构提供一个统一的接口，使接口与实现隔离。

         一、Iterator迭代

         集合中迭代可以使用Iterator。Iterator也是Java集合框架中的成员，Iterator主要用于遍历集合中的元素，所以Iterator也称为迭代器。

         Iterator中隐藏了各种Collection实现类的底层细节，向应用程序提供便利Collection集合元素的统一编程接口。

         Iterator本身不具有承装元素的能力，所以如果需要创建Iterator对象需要有一个被迭代的集合。没有集合的Iterator是没有意义的。

         需要说明的是Iterator并不是把集合元素本身传给了迭代变量，而是把集合元素的值传递给了迭代变量，所以修改迭代变量对元素本身是没有影响的。

         除Map集合类外，其他的集合类均存在Iterator()方法，用于获取该集合的Iterator变量。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class IteratorNormal {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ArrayList<String> as = new ArrayList<String>();

		as.add("one");
		as.add("two");
		as.add("thi");
		as.add("fou");
		as.add("fir");
		
		for (Iterator it = as.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
			System.out.println(it.next());
		}
	}
}

         当对Map采用Iterator迭代时，可以将Map中的Key值提取至Set集合中

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;

class student implements Comparable<student> {
	private String nameString;
	private int age;

	public student(String string, int i) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

		nameString = string;

		age = i;
	}

	public String getNameString() {
		return nameString;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "student [nameString=" + nameString + ", age=" + age
				+ ", getNameString()=" + getNameString() + ", getAge()="
				+ getAge() + ", getClass()=" + getClass() + ", hashCode()="
				+ hashCode() + ", toString()=" + super.toString() + "]";
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + age;
		result = prime * result
				+ ((nameString == null) ? 0 : nameString.hashCode());
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		student other = (student) obj;
		if (age != other.age)
			return false;
		if (nameString == null) {
			if (other.nameString != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!nameString.equals(other.nameString))
			return false;
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public int compareTo(student o) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		int temp;
		temp = age - o.getAge();
		return temp == 0 ? nameString.compareTo(o.getNameString()) : temp;
	}
}

public class iteratortext {


	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		method1();
		System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
		method2();
		System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
		method3();
		System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
		method4();
	}

	public static void method1() {

		Map<String, Integer> studentMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
		studentMap.put("lisi", 21);
		studentMap.put("sdfs", 26);
		studentMap.put("fsai", 24);
		studentMap.put("hfij", 28);
		studentMap.put("mdlj", 29);
		studentMap.put("piop", 27);
		studentMap.put("cvnb", 25);

		Set<String> set = studentMap.keySet();

		Iterator<String> it = set.iterator();

		while (it.hasNext()) {
			String name = it.next();
			int age = studentMap.get(name);
			System.out.println(name + "---" + age);
		}
	}

	public static void method2() {

		Map<String, Integer> studentMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
		studentMap.put("lisi", 21);
		studentMap.put("sdfs", 26);
		studentMap.put("fsai", 24);
		studentMap.put("hfij", 28);
		studentMap.put("mdlj", 29);
		studentMap.put("piop", 27);
		studentMap.put("cvnb", 25);

		Set<Entry<String, Integer>> se = studentMap.entrySet();

		Iterator<Entry<String, Integer>> it = se.iterator();

		while (it.hasNext()) {
			Entry<String, Integer> shEntry = it.next();

			String string = shEntry.getKey();
			Integer integer = shEntry.getValue();

			System.out.println(string + "----------" + integer);

		}

	}

	public static void method3() {

		Map<String, Integer> studentMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
		studentMap.put("lisi", 21);
		studentMap.put("sdfs", 26);
		studentMap.put("fsai", 24);
		studentMap.put("hfij", 28);
		studentMap.put("mdlj", 29);
		studentMap.put("piop", 27);
		studentMap.put("cvnb", 25);

		Collection<Integer> value = studentMap.values();

		Iterator<Integer> it = value.iterator();

		while (it.hasNext()) {
			System.out.println(it.next());
		}

	}

	public static void method4() {

		TreeMap<student, String> studentMap = new TreeMap<student, String>();
		studentMap.put(new student("lisi", 21), "北京");
		studentMap.put(new student("sdfs", 26), "天津");
		studentMap.put(new student("fsai", 24), "广州");
		studentMap.put(new student("hfij", 28), "深圳");
		studentMap.put(new student("mdlj", 29), "上海");
		studentMap.put(new student("piop", 27), "青岛");
		studentMap.put(new student("cvnb", 25), "大连");

		Set<Entry<student, String>> set = studentMap.entrySet();

		Iterator<Entry<student, String>> it = set.iterator();


		while (it.hasNext()) {
			Entry<student, String> temp = it.next();

			student student = temp.getKey();
			String whereString = temp.getValue();

			System.out.println(student.getNameString() + "--"
					+ student.getAge() + "--" + whereString);
		}
	}
}

         二、foreach迭代

         Java5之后允许使用foreach进行迭代，这样的迭代更加简洁

import java.util.ArrayList;
public class ForeachIte {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ArrayList<String> as = new ArrayList<String>();

		as.add("one");
		as.add("two");
		as.add("thi");
		as.add("fou");
		as.add("fir");

		for ( String  key : as) {
			System.out.println(key);
		}
	}
}