- 局部变量是函数内部的占位符,与全局变量可能重名但不同(当变量为基本数据类型时)。
- 函数定义或调用结束后,局部变量将被释放(不再存在),在函数外部调用局部变量将出错(变量未定义)。
- 在函数内使用global保留字可使用全局变量。
- 当局部变量为组合数据类型且未创建,等同于全局变量。
举例如下:
代码1:
def createList(a, b):
numbers = []
i = 0
while i < a:
print(f"At the top i is {i}")
numbers.append(i)
i = i + b
print("Numbers now: ", numbers)
print(f"At the bottom i is {i}")
createList(8, 2)
print("The numbers: ")
for num in numbers:
print(num)
运行结果:
At the bottom i is 4
At the top i is 4
Numbers now: [0, 2, 4]
At the bottom i is 6
At the top i is 6
Numbers now: [0, 2, 4, 6]
At the bottom i is 8
The numbers:
numbers未定义,因此for循环的输出为空 。
代码2:
numbers = []
def createList(a, b):
i = 0
while i < a:
print(f"At the top i is {i}")
numbers.append(i)
i = i + b
print("Numbers now: ", numbers)
print(f"At the bottom i is {i}")
createList(8, 2)
print("The numbers: ")
for num in numbers:
print(num)
运行结果:
At the top i is 0
Numbers now: [0]
At the bottom i is 2
At the top i is 2
Numbers now: [0, 2]
At the bottom i is 4
At the top i is 4
Numbers now: [0, 2, 4]
At the bottom i is 6
At the top i is 6
Numbers now: [0, 2, 4, 6]
At the bottom i is 8
The numbers:
0
2
4
6
可以看到,函数内部未定义numbers变量,numbers.append(i)直接调用了全局变量。