初识Hibernate的几种方式

1，实体类与数据库表映射关系

   1>可以采用注解的方式；

   2>可以使用配置文件配置映射关系；

2，配置文件

   1>hibenate.properties；

   2>hibernate.cfg.xml(其他命名方式)；

   3>不使用配置文件；

3，核心代码加载加载配置文件

   1>直接加载配置文件；
   
   2>使用addAnnotatedClass()方法；
   
   3>使用addPackage()方法；
   
   
以上这些方式组合使用，有的组合可以正常，有的不可使用，下面仅提供可用例子，未提供的组合均未测试成功
   

例子测试：

1.注解+hibernate.cfg.xml+直接加载配置文件

实体类

package com.anlw.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="student")
public class Student {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    //主键的类型最好使用基本类型的包装类型
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    public Student(){}
    public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
}

配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookshop</property>
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
		<mapping class="com.anlw.entity.Student"/>
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

核心测试代码

package com.anlw.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

import com.anlw.entity.Student;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//如果调用configure()，则默认加载根目录下的hibernate.cfg.cml,如果添加参数
		//.configure("com/anlw/test/aa.xml);则是在对应的路径下寻找该名称的配置文件
		Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
		SessionFactory sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
		Session sess = sf.openSession();
		Transaction tx = sess.beginTransaction();
		Student s1 = new Student(1, "Name1", 19);
		sess.save(s1);
		tx.commit();
		sess.close();
		sf.close();
	}
}

2.映射文件+hibernate.cfg.xml+直接加载配置文件
实体类

package com.anlw.entity;

public class Student {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	public Student() {
	}
	public Student(Integer id, String name, String sex) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
}

实体类与关系数据表的映射

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.anlw.entity.Student" table="student" catalog="bookshop">
        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="Id" />
            <generator class="native" />
        </id>
        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="name" length="50" />
        </property>
        <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="sex" length="255" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookshop</property>
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
		<mapping resource="Student.xml"/><!-- 这里是注解与配置文件设置映射关系的区别处 -->
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

核心代码

package com.anlw.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

import com.anlw.entity.Student;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//如果调用configure()，则默认加载根目录下的hibernate.cfg.cml,如果添加参数
		//.configure("com/anlw/test/aa.xml);则是在对应的路径下寻找该名称的配置文件
		Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
		SessionFactory sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
		Session sess = sf.openSession();
		Transaction tx = sess.beginTransaction();
		Student s1 = new Student(1, "Name2", "boy");
		sess.save(s1);
		tx.commit();
		sess.close();
		sf.close();

	}
}

3.注解+无配置文件+addAnnotatedClass()

实体类

package com.anlw.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="student")
public class Student {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	//public Student(){}
	public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
}

核心代码

package com.anlw.entity;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Configuration conf = new Configuration().addAnnotatedClass(Student.class)
				.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect")
				.setProperty("hibernate.connection.driver_class", "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
				.setProperty("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookshop")
				.setProperty("hibernate.connection.username", "root")
				.setProperty("hibernate.connection.password", "123456")
				.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
		ServiceRegistry se = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
				.applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
		SessionFactory sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(se);
		Session sess = sf.openSession();
		Transaction tx = sess.beginTransaction();
		Student st = new Student(1, "anlw", 25);
		sess.save(st);
		tx.commit();
		sess.close();
		sf.close();	
	}
}

4.注解+hibenate.properties+addAnnotatedClass()

hibenate.properties必须放src根目录下

实体类

package com.anlw.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="student")
public class Student {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	//public Student(){}
	public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
}

hibenate.properties

hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
hibernate.connection.url:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookshop
hibernate.connection.username root
hibernate.connection.password=123456
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create
hibernate.show_sql=true
hibernate.hibernate.format_sql true

注意：properties文件的连接符可以是空格，也可以是=，也可以是：。

核心代码

package com.anlw.entity;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Configuration conf = new Configuration().addAnnotatedClass(Student.class);
		ServiceRegistry se = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
				.applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
		SessionFactory sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(se);
		Session sess = sf.openSession();
		Transaction tx = sess.beginTransaction();
		Student st = new Student(1, "anlw", 22277);
		sess.save(st);
		tx.commit();
		sess.close();
		sf.close();	
	}
}

注：hibernate.properties和无配置文件可以混合使用。