一、查询(DML)
SELECT column1[, column2, ...,]
FROM table [, table2,...]
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column1 [,column2,...,]
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column1[, column2,...,]
GROUP BY 语句里面出现的字段必须出现在SELECT中
FROM语句可以使用子查询:from (select...)as sth
二、建表(DDL)
CREATE TABLE tableName(
columnName type [CONSTRAINT constraintName conditon]
[,columnName type [CONSTRAINT constraintName conditon] ... ]
)
常用的constraint有: Primatr key, REFERENCES foreignKeyName, NOT NULL, CHECK(condition)。其中check的condition常使用in语句:columnName IN (枚举值或其他)。
三、修改(DML)
增删列:
ALTER TABLE table
ADD newcolumn <column_definition>
ALTER TABLE table
DROP newcolumn
修改列
ALTER TABLE table
ALTER COLUMN column <new_column_definition>
ALTER TABLE table
ADD CONSTRAINT name
<constraint_type> <constraint_def>
有四种type:CHECK, PRIMARY KEY,FOREIGN KEY,UNIQUE
表中数据的增删改
INSERT INTO tablename(,.,.,.)
VALUES(.,.,.,.)