Neighbor Discovery Protocol

http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4861.txt


邻居发现协议（Neighbor Discovery Protocol，以下称ND协议）是IPv6的一个关键协议，可以说，ND协议是IPv4某些协议在IPv6中综合起来的升级和改进，如ARP、ICMP路由器发现和ICMP重定向等协议。当然，作为IPv6的基础性协议，ND还提供了其他功能，如前缀发现、邻居不可达检测、重复地址检测、地址自动配置等。


Router Solicitation: When an interface becomes enabled, hosts may
                send out Router Solicitations that request routers to
                generate Router Advertisements immediately rather than
                at their next scheduled time.


Router Advertisement: Routers advertise their presence together
                with various link and Internet parameters either
                periodically, or in response to a Router Solicitation
                message.  Router Advertisements contain prefixes that
                are used for determining whether another address shares
                the same link (on-link determination) and/or address
                configuration, a suggested hop limit value, etc.


Neighbor Solicitation: Sent by a node to determine the link-layer
                address of a neighbor, or to verify that a neighbor is
                still reachable via a cached link-layer address.
                Neighbor Solicitations are also used for Duplicate
                Address Detection.


Neighbor Advertisement: A response to a Neighbor Solicitation
                message.  A node may also send unsolicited Neighbor
                Advertisements to announce a link-layer address change.


Redirect:  Used by routers to inform hosts of a better first hop
                for a destination.