http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4861.txt
邻居发现协议(Neighbor Discovery Protocol,以下称ND协议)是IPv6的一个关键协议,可以说,ND协议是IPv4某些协议在IPv6中综合起来的升级和改进,如ARP、ICMP路由器发现和ICMP重定向等协议。当然,作为IPv6的基础性协议,ND还提供了其他功能,如前缀发现、邻居不可达检测、重复地址检测、地址自动配置等。
Router Solicitation: When an interface becomes enabled, hosts may
send out Router Solicitations that request routers to
generate Router Advertisements immediately rather than
at their next scheduled time.
Router Advertisement: Routers advertise their presence together
with various link and Internet parameters either
periodically, or in response to a Router Solicitation
message. Router Advertisements contain prefixes that
are used for determining whether another address shares
the same link (on-link determination) and/or address
configuration, a suggested hop limit value, etc.
Neighbor Solicitation: Sent by a node to determine the link-layer
address of a neighbor, or to verify that a neighbor is
still reachable via a cached link-layer address.
Neighbor Solicitations are also used for Duplicate
Address Detection.
Neighbor Advertisement: A response to a Neighbor Solicitation
message. A node may also send unsolicited Neighbor
Advertisements to announce a link-layer address change.
Redirect: Used by routers to inform hosts of a better first hop
for a destination.