很久之前参加过一次面试,记得当时面试官问过我一个很基础的代码题:实现string类的四大基本函数!
一个C++类一般至少有四大函数,即构造函数、拷贝构造函数、析构函数和赋值函数,一般系统都会默认。但是往往系统默认的并不是我们所期望的,为此我们就有必要自己创造他们。在创造之前必须了解他们的作用和意义,做到有的放矢才能写出有效的函数。
1 #include <iostream>
2
3 class CString
4 {
5 friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &, CString &);
6 public:
7 // 无参数的构造函数
8 CString();
9 // 带参数的构造函数
10 CString(char *pStr);
11 // 拷贝构造函数
12 CString(const CString &sStr);
13 // 析构函数
14 ~CString();
15 // 赋值运算符重载
16 CString & operator=(const CString & sStr);
17
18 private:
19 char *m_pContent;
20
21 };
22
23 inline CString::CString()
24 {
25 printf("NULL\n");
26 m_pContent = NULL;
27 m_pContent = new char[1];
28 m_pContent[0] = '\0';
29 }
30
31 inline CString::CString(char *pStr)
32 {
33 printf("use value Contru\n");
34 m_pContent = new char[strlen(pStr) + 1];
35 strcpy(m_pContent, pStr);
36 }
37
38 inline CString::CString(const CString &sStr)
39 {
40 printf("use copy Contru\n");
41 if(sStr.m_pContent == NULL)
42 m_pContent == NULL;
43 else
44 {
45 m_pContent = new char[strlen(sStr.m_pContent) + 1];
46 strcpy(m_pContent, sStr.m_pContent);
47 }
48 }
49
50 inline CString::~CString()
51 {
52 printf("use ~ \n");
53 if(m_pContent != NULL)
54 delete [] m_pContent;
55 }
56
57 inline CString & CString::operator = (const CString &sStr)
58 {
59 printf("use operator = \n");
60 if(this == &sStr)
61 return *this;
62 // www.cdtarena.com顺序很重要,为了防止内存申请失败后,m_pContent为NULL
63 char *pTempStr = new char[strlen(sStr.m_pContent) + 1];
64 delete [] m_pContent;
65 m_pContent = NULL;
66 m_pContent = pTempStr;
67 strcpy(m_pContent, sStr.m_pContent);
68 return *this;
69 }
70
71 std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &os, CString & str)
72 {
73 os<<str.m_pContent;
74 return os;
75 }
76
77
78 int main()
79 {
80 CString str3; // 调用无参数的构造函数
81 CString str = "My CString!"; // 声明字符串,相当于调用构造函数
82 std::cout<<str<<std::endl;
83 CString str2 = str; // 声明字符串,相当于调用构造函数
84 std::cout<<str2<<std::endl;
85 str2 = str; // 调用重载的赋值运算符
86 std::cout<<str2<<std::endl;
87 return 0;
88 }
NULL
use value Contru
My CString!
use copy Contru
My CString!
use operator =
My CString!
use ~
use ~
use ~