虚函数

学堂在线中郑莉老师对虚函数进行了详细的讲解

具体的代码如下

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base1 {
public:
    virtual void display() const;  //虚函数
};
void Base1::display() const {
    cout << "Base1::display()" << endl;
}

class Base2::public Base1 { 
public:
     virtual void display() const;
};
void Base2::display() const {
    cout << "Base2::display()" << endl;
}
class Derived: public Base2 {
public:
     virtual void display() const; 
};
void Derived::display() const {
    cout << "Derived::display()" << endl;
}

void fun(Base1 *ptr) { 
    ptr->display(); 
}

int main() {    
    Base1 base1;
    Base2 base2;
    Derived derived;    
    fun(&base1);
    fun(&base2);
    fun(&derived);
    return 0;
}

对于郑莉老师的书籍[2]第344页8-5习题，书写如下的示例程序如下

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Mammal{
public:
	virtual void speak(){}//虚函数声明
};
class Dog:public Mammal{
public:
	virtual void  speak(){//虚函数实现
		cout<<"I am a dog"<<endl;
	}
};
class Cat:public Mammal{
public:
	virtual void speak(){
		cout<<"I am a cat"<<endl;
	}
};
class Pig:public Mammal{

};
int main(){
	Dog dog;
	dog.speak();
	
	Cat cat;
	cat.speak();

	getchar();
	return 0;
}

虚函数更进一步的进化是纯虚函数，【2】中习题8-6的实现如下

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define pi 3.1415926  

class Shape{ //抽象类
public:
	virtual float getArea()=0; //纯(0)虚(virtual)函数
	virtual float getPerim()=0;
};
//长方形
class Rectangle : public Shape{
private:
	int width;
	int height;
public:
	Rectangle(float w,float h):width(w),height(h){};
	virtual float getArea(){
		return width*height;
	}
	virtual float getPerim(){
		return 2*(width+height);
	}
};
//圆
class Circle : public Shape{
private:
	int radius;//半径
public:
	Circle(float r):radius(r){};//初始化
	virtual float getArea(){
		return pi*radius*radius;
	}
	virtual float getPerim(){
		return 2*pi*radius;
	}
};
int main(){
	Rectangle rec(2,3);
	cout<<rec.getArea()<<endl;

	Circle cir(4); //抽象类不能实例化，只能做基类（鸡肋）
	cout<<cir.getPerim()<<endl;
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

【1】学堂在线

【2】c++ 语言程序设计