这里我只实现功能，具体Android 7.0 的一些细节参考 http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/72859156
具体步骤：
一、在清单文件中配置provider
<provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="com.MainActivity.provider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
</provider>
注意：name属性的值是固定的写法，authorities属性的值可以随意写，但是必须要和后面将要说的FileProvider.getUrlForFile()方法中第二个参数一致(我喜欢写包的全路径名)
二、在res目录下创建一个xml文件夹，并创建名为file_paths的xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
<external-path
name="camera_photos"
path="" />
</paths>
注意：name属性的值随意写，path属性的值表示共享的具体路径(这里写一个空字符串，表示将整个SD卡进行共享)
三、使用下面工具类(包括Fragment中的回调)
/**
* 相片工具类
*/
public class PhotoUtils {
private static final String TAG = "PhotoUtils";
/**
* @param activity
* 当前activity
* @param imageUri
* 拍照后照片存储路径
* @param requestCode
* 调用系统相机请求码
*/
public static void takePicture(Activity activity, Uri imageUri, int requestCode) {
//调用系统相机
Intent intentCamera = new Intent();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intentCamera.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); //添加这一句表示对目标应用临时授权该Uri所代表的文件
}
intentCamera.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
//将拍照结果保存至photo_file的Uri中，不保留在相册中
intentCamera.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
activity.startActivityForResult(intentCamera, requestCode);
}
/**
* @param fragment
* 当前fragment
* @param imageUri
* 拍照后照片存储路径
* @param requestCode
* 调用系统相机请求码
*/
public static void takePicture(Fragment fragment, Uri imageUri, int requestCode) {
//调用系统相机
Intent intentCamera = new Intent();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intentCamera.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); //添加这一句表示对目标应用临时授权该Uri所代表的文件
}
intentCamera.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
//将拍照结果保存至photo_file的Uri中，不保留在相册中
intentCamera.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
fragment.startActivityForResult(intentCamera, requestCode);
}
/**
* @param activity
* 当前activity
* @param requestCode
* 打开相册的请求码
*/
public static void openPic(Activity activity, int requestCode) {
Intent photoPickerIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
photoPickerIntent.setType("image/*");
activity.startActivityForResult(photoPickerIntent, requestCode);
}
/**
* @param fragment
* 当前fragment
* @param requestCode
* 打开相册的请求码
*/
public static void openPic(Fragment fragment, int requestCode) {
Intent photoPickerIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
photoPickerIntent.setType("image/*");
fragment.startActivityForResult(photoPickerIntent, requestCode);
}
/**
* @param activity
* 当前activity
* @param orgUri
* 剪裁原图的Uri
* @param desUri
* 剪裁后的图片的Uri
* @param aspectX
* X方向的比例
* @param aspectY
* Y方向的比例
* @param width
* 剪裁图片的宽度
* @param height
* 剪裁图片高度
* @param requestCode
* 剪裁图片的请求码
*/
public static void cropImageUri(Activity activity, Uri orgUri,
Uri desUri, int aspectX, int aspectY,
int width, int height, int requestCode) {
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
}
intent.setDataAndType(orgUri, "image/*");
intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
/* intent.putExtra("aspectX", aspectX);
intent.putExtra("aspectY", aspectY);
intent.putExtra("outputX", width);
intent.putExtra("outputY", height);*/
intent.putExtra("scale", true);
//将剪切的图片保存到目标Uri中
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, desUri);
intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());
intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);
activity.startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);
}
/**
* @param fragment
* 当前activity
* @param orgUri
* 剪裁原图的Uri
* @param desUri
* 剪裁后的图片的Uri
* @param aspectX
* X方向的比例
* @param aspectY
* Y方向的比例
* @param width
* 剪裁图片的宽度
* @param height
* 剪裁图片高度
* @param requestCode
* 剪裁图片的请求码
*/
public static void cropImageUri(Fragment fragment, Uri orgUri, Uri desUri,
int aspectX, int aspectY, int width,
int height, int requestCode) {
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
}
intent.setDataAndType(orgUri, "image/*");
intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
intent.putExtra("aspectX", aspectX);
intent.putExtra("aspectY", aspectY);
intent.putExtra("outputX", width);
intent.putExtra("outputY", height);
intent.putExtra("scale", true);
//将剪切的图片保存到目标Uri中
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, desUri);
intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());
intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);
fragment.startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);
}
/**
* 读取uri所在的图片
* @param uri
* 图片对应的Uri
* @param mContext
* 上下文对象
* @return 获取图像的Bitmap
*/
public static Bitmap getBitmapFromUri(Uri uri, Context mContext) {
try {
Bitmap bitmap = MediaStore.Images.Media.
getBitmap(mContext.getContentResolver(), uri);
return bitmap;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* @param context
* 上下文对象
* @param uri
* 当前相册照片的Uri
* @return 解析后的Uri对应的String
*/
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
String pathHead = "file:///";
// DocumentProvider
if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
// ExternalStorageProvider
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
return pathHead + Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
}
}
// DownloadsProvider
else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.
withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),
Long.valueOf(id));
return pathHead + getDataColumn(context,
contentUri, null, null);
}
// MediaProvider
else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
Uri contentUri = null;
if ("image".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
}
final String selection = "_id=?";
final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
return pathHead + getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
}
// MediaStore (and general)
else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return pathHead + getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
}
// File
else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return pathHead + uri.getPath();
}
return null;
}
/**
* Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
* MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
* @param context
* The context.
* @param uri
* The Uri to query.
* @param selection
* (Optional) Filter used in the query.
* @param selectionArgs
* (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
* @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
*/
private static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri,
String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
Cursor cursor = null;
final String column = "_data";
final String[] projection = {column};
try {
cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection,
selectionArgs, null);
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
return cursor.getString(column_index);
}
} finally {
if (cursor != null)
cursor.close();
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param uri
* The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
*/
private static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri
* The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
*/
private static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri
* The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
*/
private static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
}
具体的应用：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private ImageView photo;
private static final int CODE_GALLERY_REQUEST = 0xa0;
private static final int CODE_CAMERA_REQUEST = 0xa1;
private static final int CODE_RESULT_REQUEST = 0xa2;
private File fileUri = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/photo.jpg");
private File fileCropUri = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/crop_photo.jpg");
private Uri imageUri;
private Uri cropImageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
photo = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_photo);
}
/**
* 拍照
* @param view
*/
public void takePhoto(View view) {
if (hasSdcard()) {
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(fileUri);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
//通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.MainActivity.provider", fileUri);
PhotoUtils.takePicture(MainActivity.this, imageUri, CODE_CAMERA_REQUEST);
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "设备没有SD卡！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.e("asd", "设备没有SD卡");
}
}
/**
* 调用系统相册
* @param view
*/
public void getPhoto(View view) {
PhotoUtils.openPic(MainActivity.this, CODE_GALLERY_REQUEST);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
int output_X = 480, output_Y = 480;
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
switch (requestCode) {
case CODE_CAMERA_REQUEST://拍照完成回调
cropImageUri = Uri.fromFile(fileCropUri);
PhotoUtils.cropImageUri(this, imageUri, cropImageUri, 1, 1, output_X, output_Y, CODE_RESULT_REQUEST);
break;
case CODE_GALLERY_REQUEST://访问相册完成回调
if (hasSdcard()) {
cropImageUri = Uri.fromFile(fileCropUri);
Uri newUri = Uri.parse(PhotoUtils.getPath(this, data.getData()));
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
newUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.MainActivity.provider", new File(newUri.getPath()));
PhotoUtils.cropImageUri(this, newUri, cropImageUri, 1, 1, output_X, output_Y, CODE_RESULT_REQUEST);
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "设备没有SD卡!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
case CODE_RESULT_REQUEST:
Bitmap bitmap = PhotoUtils.getBitmapFromUri(cropImageUri, this);
if (bitmap != null) {
showImages(bitmap);
}
break;
}
}
}
/**
* 展示图片
* @param bitmap
*/
private void showImages(Bitmap bitmap) {
photo.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
/**
* 检查设备是否存在SDCard的工具方法
*/
public static boolean hasSdcard() {
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
return state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
}
}
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