动态生成验证码

下面一个实例讲述如何动态生成验证码及验证码是否匹配。

显示验证码的html页面login.html代码如下：

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
< html >
   < head >
     < title > login.html </ title >
    
     < meta  http-equiv ="keywords"  content ="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3" >
     < meta  http-equiv ="description"  content ="this is my page" >
     < meta  http-equiv ="content-type"  content ="text/html; charset=UTF-8" >
    
     <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css"> -->

   </ head >
  
   < body >
   < center >
     < form  action ="login"  method ="post" >
    验证码： < input  type ="text"  name ="random" >< img  src ="imgcode" >
     < br >
     < br >
     < input  type ="submit"  value ="提交" >
     </ form >
    </ center >
   </ body >
</ html >

 
动态生成验证码的servlet类RandomCodeServlet.java代码如下：

package  iss;


import  java.awt.Color;
import  java.awt.Font;
import  java.awt.Graphics2D;
import  java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import  java.util.Random;

import  javax.servlet.ServletException;
import  javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import  javax.imageio. * ;

public   class  RandomCodeServlet  extends  HttpServlet  ... {

    /** *//**
     * Constructor of the object.
     */
    public RandomCodeServlet() ...{
        super();
    }
    
    //验证码图片的宽度
    private int width=60;
    //验证码图片的高度
    private int height=20;
    
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
                              throws ServletException,java.io.IOException...{
        BufferedImage buffImg=new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D g=buffImg.createGraphics();
        
        //创建一个随机数生成器
        Random random=new Random();
        
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
        
        //创建字体，字体的大小应该根据图片的高度来定
        Font font=new Font("Times New Roman",Font.PLAIN,18);
        //设置字体
        g.setFont(font);
        
        //画边框
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        g.drawRect(0, 0, width-1, height-1);
        
        //随机产生160条干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.GRAY);
        for(int i=0;i<160;i++)...{
            int x=random.nextInt(width);
            int y=random.nextInt(height);
            int x1=random.nextInt(12);
            int y1=random.nextInt(12);
            g.drawLine(x, y, x+x1, y+y1);
        }
        
        //randomCode用于保存随机产生的验证码
        StringBuffer randomCode=new StringBuffer();
        int red=0,green=0,blue=0;
        
        //随机产生4位数字的验证码
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++)...{
            //得到随机产生的验证码数字
            String strRand=String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));
            
            //产生随机的颜色分量来构造颜色值
            red=random.nextInt(110);
            green=random.nextInt(50);
            blue=random.nextInt(50);
            
            //用随机产生的颜色将验证码绘制到图像中
            g.setColor(new Color(red,green,blue));
            g.drawString(strRand, 13*i+6, 16);
            
            randomCode.append(strRand);
        }
        
        //将四位数字的验证码保存到session中
        HttpSession session=request.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("randomCode", randomCode.toString());
        
        //禁止图像缓存
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        
        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //将图像输出到servlet输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos=response.getOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos);
        sos.close();
        
    }

}

判断验证码是否匹配的LoginServlet.java代码如下：

package  iss;

import  java.io.IOException;
import  java.io.PrintWriter;

import  javax.servlet.ServletException;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public   class  LoginServlet  extends  HttpServlet  ... {

    /** *//**
     * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
     *
     * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
     * 
     * @param request the request send by the client to the server
     * @param response the response send by the server to the client
     * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
     * @throws IOException if an error occurred
     */
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException ...{

        HttpSession session=request.getSession();
        String randomCode=(String)session.getAttribute("randomCode");
        if(null==randomCode)...{
            response.sendRedirect("login.html");
            return;
        }
        String reqRandom=request.getParameter("random");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        if(randomCode.equals(reqRandom))...{
            out.println("验证码匹配！");
        }else...{
            out.println("验证码不匹配！");
        }
        
        out.close();
    }

}

web.xml如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app  version ="2.4"  
    xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"  
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
   < servlet >
     < description > This is the description of my J2EE component </ description >
     < display-name > This is the display name of my J2EE component </ display-name >
     < servlet-name > RandomCodeServlet </ servlet-name >
     < servlet-class > iss.RandomCodeServlet </ servlet-class >
   </ servlet >
   < servlet >
     < description > This is the description of my J2EE component </ description >
     < display-name > This is the display name of my J2EE component </ display-name >
     < servlet-name > LoginServlet </ servlet-name >
     < servlet-class > iss.LoginServlet </ servlet-class >
   </ servlet >


   < servlet-mapping >
     < servlet-name > RandomCodeServlet </ servlet-name >
     < url-pattern > /imgcode </ url-pattern >
   </ servlet-mapping >
   < servlet-mapping >
     < servlet-name > LoginServlet </ servlet-name >
     < url-pattern > /login </ url-pattern >
   </ servlet-mapping >
</ web-app >