Nginx+Keepalived主从模式-负载均衡高可用(CentOS7.5)

简介

这种方案,使用一个虚拟VIP地址,前端使用2台机器,一台做主,一台做备,但同时只有一台机器工作,另一台备机在主机器不出现故障的时候,永远处于浪费状态,对于服务器不多的网站,该方案并不经济实惠,但能快速切换。

关于Nginx版本

Mainline version:开发版

Stable version:稳定版

Legacy versions:遗留的老版本

官方地址:http://nginx.org/,找到“news”中,最新的一个stable version

下载地址:http://nginx.org/download/,找到这个包的下载链接,右键复制链接地址

规划:

LB-01:16.155.199.223 nginx+keepalived-master

LB-02:16.155.197.42 nginx+keepalived-backup

VIP:16.155.197.100

OS:CentOS 7.5

(tips:master,backup机器一定要在同一个网段内,vip也要设置在同一个网段内,不知道怎么在同一个网段内的小伙伴请自行百度一下)

Nginx+Keepalived主从架构

Tips:

在下面的部署过程中,为了节省篇幅,只显示了LB-01:16.155.199.223上的部署过程。新手请注意,按照部署过程,凡是在LB-01:16.155.199.223上做的所有配置(准备工作、部署Nginx、部署Keepalived),都需要在LB-02:16.155.197.42上,再部署一次,并保持两边的配置过程一样!

1.准备工作

查看centos版本命令:

cat /etc/centos-release

1.1 关闭SELinux

[root@example01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

1.2 关闭IPTABLES防火墙

[root@example01 ~]# systemctl unmask firewalld

[root@example01 ~]# systemctl start firewalld

[root@example01 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent 开放80端口

[root@example01 ~]# firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --add-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 --in-interface em1 --destination 224.0.0.18 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT

'[root@example01 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

1.3 安装wget

[root@example01 ~]# yum -y install wget

准备工作到此为止,reboot命令,重启两台服务器,使得SELinux配置生效

2.部署nginx

2.1 安装编译工具及库文件

[root@example01 ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make automake autoconf libtool pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

2.2 安装nginx

[root@example01 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[root@example01 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

[root@example01 src]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

[root@example01 src]# cd nginx-1.6.2

[root@example01 nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_ssl_module

[root@example01 nginx-1.6.2]# make && make install

配置报错:

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module

option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library

statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre= option.

解决办法:

[root@example01 nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx > --without-http_rewrite_module

2.3 配置nginx

2.3.1 创建nginx运行使用的用户www

[root@example01 nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www

[root@example01 nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

2.3.2 启动nginx

启动服务

[root@example01 nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

重载nginx配置

[root@example01 nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

开机启动

[root@example01 src]# vim /etc/rc.local # Nginx/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

2.3.3 编辑index.html文件

编辑LB-01:16.155.199.223

[root@example01 nginx-1.6.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html 14

Welcome to nginx!Server01
编辑LB-02:16.155.197.42

[root@example02 nginx-1.6.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html 14

Welcome to nginx!Server02
2.3.4 配置nginx.conf

2 user  www www;

3 worker_processes  1;

35 upstream my Server {

36 ip_hash;

37 server 16.155.199.223;

38 server 16.155.197.42;

39 }

Tips:

负载均衡模块用于从”upstream”指令定义的后端主机列表中选取一台主机。nginx先使用负载均衡模块找到一台主机,再使用upstream模块实现与这台主机的交互。

从配置我们可以看出负载均衡模块的使用场景:

1.核心指令”ip_hash”只能在upstream {}中使用。这条指令用于通知nginx使用ip hash负载均衡算法。如果没加这条指令,nginx会使用默认的round robin负载均衡模块。

2.upstream {}中的指令可能出现在”server”指令前,可能出现在”server”指令后,也可能出现在两条”server”指令之间。

2.3.5 浏览器访问:

http://16.155.199.223/

LB-01:16.155.199.223

http://16.155.197.42

LB-02:16.155.197.42

nginx其它命令:

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload# 重新载入配置文件

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen# 重启 Nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop# 停止 Nginx

3.部署keepalived

3.1 安装keepalived

[root@example01 src]# yum -y install keepalived

查看keepalived版本

[root@example01 src]# keepalived -vKeepalived v1.2.13(03/19,2015)

3.2 修改keepalived的配置文件

LB-01:16.155.199.223/的配置

[root@example01 src]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_script chk_nginx {

script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh"    # 检测nginx状态的脚本路径

interval 2                # 检测时间间隔2s

weight -20                # 如果脚本的条件成立,权重-20

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

  state MASTER              # 服务状态;MASTER(工作状态)BACKUP(备用状态)

  interface ens192              # VIP绑定网卡,大家默认的一般是eth0,我这里个性化设置是ens192

  virtual_router_id 51      # 虚拟路由ID,主、备节点必须一致

  mcast_src_ip 16.155.199.223 # 本机IP

  nopreempt                # 优先级高的设置,解决异常回复后再次抢占的问题

  priority 100              # 优先级;取值范围:0~254;MASTER > BACKUP

  advert_int 1              # 组播信息发送间隔,主、备节点必须一致,默认1s

  authentication {          # 验证信息;主、备节点必须一致

      auth_type PASS          # VRRP验证类型,PASS、AH两种

      auth_pass 1111          # VRRP验证密码,在同一个vrrp_instance下,主、从必须使用相同的密码才能正常通信

  }

track_script {          # 将track_script块加入instance配置块

      chk_nginx        # 执行Nginx监控的服务

  }

  virtual_ipaddress {        # 虚拟IP池,主、备节点必须一致,可以定义多个VIP

      16.155.197.100          # 虚拟IP

  }

}

LB-02:16.155.197.42的配置

[root@example02 src]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_script chk_nginx {

script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh"

interval 2

weight -20

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

  state BACKUP

  interface ens192

  virtual_router_id 51

  mcast_src_ip 16.155.197.42

  priority 90

  advert_int 1

  authentication {

      auth_type PASS

      auth_pass 1111

  }

  track_script {

      chk_nginx

  }

  virtual_ipaddress {

      16.155.197.100

  } 

}

3.3 编写nginx状态监测脚本

[root@example01 keepalived]# vim /etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh

#!/bin/bash

A=ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l

if [ $A -eq 0 ];then

      /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

      sleep 2

      if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then

              killall keepalived

      fi

fi

脚本要求:如果 nginx 停止运行,尝试启动,如果无法启动则杀死本机的 keepalived 进程, keepalied将虚拟 ip 绑定到 BACKUP 机器上。

3.4 保存脚本,赋予执行权限

[root@example01 keepalived]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh

[root@example01 keepalived]# ll

total 8

-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 3602 Mar 27 23:46 keepalived.conf

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 191 Mar 27 23:53 nginx_check.sh

3.5 启动keepalived

开机启动

[root@example02 src]# chkconfig keepalived on

启动服务

[root@example01 keepalived]# service keepalived startStartingkeepalived:[ OK ]

4.keepalived+nginx的高可用测试

4.1 查看服务器上的地址

查看MASTER的地址:

[root@example01 keepalived]# ip add

1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens192: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:50:56:b0:2e:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 16.155.199.223/21 brd 16.155.199.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens192

  valid_lft 113604sec preferred_lft 113604sec

inet 16.155.197.100/32 scope global ens192      # 注意,此时MASTER上存在一个VIP

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::c453:9e3c:8efd:1d73/64 scope link noprefixroute

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

查看BACKUP的地址:

[root@example02 src]# ip add

1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens192: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:50:56:b0:3b:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 16.155.197.42/21 brd 16.155.199.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens192

  valid_lft 110123sec preferred_lft 110123sec

inet6 fe80::c5d2:fa65:bf3c:e8a8/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::4440:cea8:b176:daa2/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::c865:c307:7968:5daf/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

浏览器访问:http://16.155.197.100

4.2 关闭MASTER上的nginx,keepalived会将它重新启动

[root@example01 keepalived]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

4.3 关闭MASTER上的keepalived,VIP会切换到BACKUP上

[root@example01 keepalived]# service keepalived stopStoppingkeepalived:[ OK ]

4.4 验证VIP的漂移

验证方法1:通过ip add查看VIP的漂移

[root@example01 keepalived]# ip add

1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens192: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:50:56:b0:2e:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 16.155.199.223/21 brd 16.155.199.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens192

  valid_lft 113216sec preferred_lft 113216sec

inet6 fe80::c453:9e3c:8efd:1d73/64 scope link noprefixroute

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@example02 src]# ip add

1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: ens192: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:50:56:b0:3b:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 16.155.197.42/21 brd 16.155.199.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens192

  valid_lft 110002sec preferred_lft 110002sec

inet 16.155.197.100/32 scope global ens192    #注意此时vip漂浮到backup机器上了

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::c5d2:fa65:bf3c:e8a8/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::4440:cea8:b176:daa2/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::c865:c307:7968:5daf/64 scope link tentative dadfailed

  valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

验证方法2:浏览器访问:http://16.155.197.100

刷新页面,显示“Welcome to nginx!Server02”,表示已经VIP已经漂移到了BACKUP服务器上

高可用

到这里,整个部署就已经完成了!

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