Foundation框架之NSDictionary

NSDictionary

字典，由键值对组成，通过一个key(键), 就能找到对应的value(值) 。

是不可变的, 一旦初始化完毕, 里面的内容就无法修改 

注意：

1. 字典存储的时候,必须是"键值对"的方式来存储(同时键不要重复，虽然重复也不报错) 

2. 键值对中存储的数据是"无序的".

3. 键值对集合可以根据键, 快速获取数据. 

NSDictionary的创建 

+ (instancetype)dictionary;
+ (instancetype)dictionaryWithObject:(id)object forKey:(id <NSCopying>)key; //objectForKey,根据键取值。

+ (instancetype)dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:(id)firstObject, ...; 

        //定义一个有一组键值对的字典
        NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"first" forKey:@"1"];
        NSLog(@"%@",dict);
        /*
         {
            1 = first;
         }
         */

快速创建字典 

        NSDictionary *dict = @{@"1" : @"first", @"2" : @"two", @"3" : @"three"};
        NSLog(@"%@",dict);
        /*
         {
            1 = first;
            2 = two;
            3 = three;
         }
         */

- (NSUInteger)count;

返回字典的键值对数目

        NSDictionary *dict = @{@"1" : @"first", @"2" : @"two", @"3" : @"three"};
        //获取字典的键值对的个数
        NSUInteger count = [dict count];
        NSLog(@"%lu",count);        //3

- (id)objectForKey:(id)aKey;

根据key取出value 

        NSDictionary *dict = @{@"1" : @"first", @"2" : @"two", @"3" : @"three"};
        //通过KEY获取Value
        NSString *str = [dict objectForKey:@"2"];
        NSLog(@"%@",str);        //two

NSDictionary遍历方法 

1）快速遍历

        NSDictionary *dict = @{@"1" : @"first", @"2" : @"two", @"3" : @"three"};
        //快速遍历
        for (NSString *key in dict) {
            
            //此时遍历的是 dict 中得 KEY 值，需要 Value 值的时候调用对象的  objectForKey  方法
            NSLog(@"%@------>%@",key,[dict objectForKey:key]);
        }

结果

2015-10-07 13:17:59.596 字典[2388:152702] 1------>first
2015-10-07 13:17:59.597 字典[2388:152702] 2------>two
2015-10-07 13:17:59.597 字典[2388:152702] 3------>three

2）block块的遍历

[dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {}]; 

        NSDictionary *dict = @{@"1" : @"first", @"2" : @"two", @"3" : @"three"};
        //block块的遍历                                键      值        是否停止
        [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {
            
            NSLog(@"%@\t%@",key,obj);
        }];